Szekessy Vilmos (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 55. (Budapest 1963)

Topál, Gy.: The bats of a Lower Pleistocene site from Mt. Kövesvárad near Répáshuta, Hungary

the bats of a lower pleistoncexe site from mt. kövesváb

ad 151 of the latter species, not only because of their explicitly large sizes, but also clue to being longer and relatively notas wide as the M

1 teeth of the majority of the M. daubentoni specimens. The small size of their protoconuli resembles M. brandti, while the metacone is higher than the paracone, and this is a feature of M. daubentoni. The enamel crest connecting the base of the metacone with the hypocone is expressed, situated strikingly centrally of the tooth, even more so as in M. brandti (fig. 9). The M

2 teeth are already M. daubentoni-shaped. The fragmentary extremities and other skeletal remains suggest that they belonged to animals related to M. daubentoni. They are proportionately thicker and slightly larger than the recent bones. The single distal piece of humerus slightly deviates also morphologically, insofar as its processus entepicondylus is not as deflected as in M. daubentoni. Rejecting the possibility of the origin of the bones from two distinct species, one might assume, 011 the basis of the above discussion, that we are confronted with an ancient form uniting the characteristics of M. daubentoni and M. brandti. Anyhow, 110 Myotis species of this order of size from the Lower Pleistocene of the Carpathian Basin, except for Püspökfürdő, was known up to now. I have to remark, however, that KORMOS had not treated ,,M. cf. daubentoni" in any of his papers, except for his work summarizing the fauna of Püspökfürdő (6). Myotis dasycneme BOIE Right maxilla with C

—M

2 (P

2P

3 absent); left upper C 2 exemplars. Body of right mandible with C and M,

—M

3, another exemplar with M

2, separate M

3; body of left mandible without teeth, separate P.j. Left cochlea 2 ex. The remains are those of at least 2 specimens. Length of ft

1— M

! 3,05 mm, C—M

3 7,0 mm, M

2—M

3 2,95 mm, length of crosssection of upper C 1,08—1,12 mm, length of P

4 0,88 mm, width of P

4 0,76 mm, length of M. 1,56 mm, length of M

3 1,42—1,48 mm, width of M

3 0,96—1,0 mm, width of M

3 talonid 0,80 mm. It can be established from these remains, and especially from the fragmentary maxilla, that they belong indubitably to the subgenus Leuconoe. The measurements agree with those of M. dasyenem

?. Each protoconule of the upper molars is fully visible, hence they preclude any misidentification. There is some difference from the recent specimens insofar as the anterior edge of P

4 is straightly truncate, while it is deeply incised in the majority of the recent ones, as if admitting the closely appressed P

3. A further deviation from recent animals consist in the distance between P

4 and C being more or less greater than in every recent specimen, which means that the small premolars had not yet congregated as much. For a taxonomic separation, one is still in need of a greater material from this period. M. dasyenem

> must have belonged to the rarer species even at that era, the same as in our own times. Despite this, one or more specimens are always found in every Lower Pleistocene site. Eptesieus cf. nilssoni KEYS. & RLAS. A single upper left C. Length of cross-section of the tooth 1,30 mm, its width 1,06 mm. The striking hollowness of the interior surface of the tooth, the development of its posterior ed^e (manifest also in the protruding posteriorly of the crosssection), are all E. nitssoni characteristics. I found two among eight recent