Boros István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 8. (Budapest 1957)

Baksay, L.: The cytotaxonomy of the species Chrysanthemum maximum Ram., Centaurea montana L., Serratula lycopifolia (Vill.) Kern., and Bupleurum falcatum L., ranging in Europe

to the herbarium data, it is a meadow plant of the plains. De Ca n d o 11 e (I.e.) described Chr. ircutianum on the basis of a single specimen received from Turczaninov in Russia, of which he remarks at the end of his diagnosis, as follows : "Simile L. vulgari sed pappo radii diversum. Affine montano et lanceolato sed ligulae duplo fere longiores". According to S h i m o t o m a i, the chromosome number of this species is 2n = 36. Specimens from Irkutsk, Albasin and Nikolaievsk are more similar to Chr. maximum, but their leaves are thinner. The range of the polyploid series of Chr. leucanthemum L. presents a highly dissimilar picture of the species-complex considered sensu lato to our preceding concept, raising also numerous unsolved problems at the same time. The range of Chr. leucanthemum L., the species to start from, was supposed to be Europe and the Caucasus, up to the Mts. Altai in Siberia. The splitting up into species will narrow down this territory, excluding Siberia and the Mts. Altai from the range of the diploid, so that it will be restricted only to Europe and the Caucasus. Nor can we outline its exact range toward the north, since our chromosome data are incomplete, yet it is sura that the tetraploid. Chr. leucanthemum of a younger philogeny occurs on the shores of Northern Europe and extends, on preponderantly plain areas, between the latitudes 54—60 through European Russia (herb, exempl. ex Wologda!) The study of the range of the tetraploid demands further investigations mainly in Central and NE European areas, since it seems highly possible that it was the tetraploid which ranged on the formerly glacial territories. The main center of the diploid species is Western, Central and Southern Europe ; this is also the area of the specific differentiation. The tetraploid came into being after the Ice Age, and wandered from the west to the east. The hexaploid Chr. maximum Ram. is also of a recent origin, arising probably by auto-alloploidy ; the places of its origin are probably the southwestern spurs of the Alps and the eastern parts of the Pyrenees. The diploid Chr. leucanthemum L. ranges also to the New World and is shown from New York, Utah and Oregon. The chromosome number of the horticultural Chr. maximum was first examined by Thomas (ex Darlington 1945), who found 2n = 90. Author checked this value and got the same result. This cultivated plant was surely raised from the wild Chr. maximum Ram., ranging in Central Europe. It has very many forms. According to Parrey, it has early and later flowering varieties. D o w r i c k (12) examined these forms and found that their chromosome numbers are between 2n = 85, 90, 126, 148, 160 and 171. With regard to the cultivated Chr. maximum, taxonomical and nomenclatural problems arise. Namely, one has to designate the cultivated ornamental plant and to distinguish it from others by a different name, as it diverges by morphological and cytological characters from the wild one. For this purpose, author suggests for the ornamental plant the valid description and name given by De Ca nd o 11 e in 1837 (1. c.), whilst the races of higher chromosome numbers de indicated by race names by the horticulturists. The name and synonyms of the ornamental plant are as follows : Chrysanthemum lati folium (DC) Baksay nov. comb. ( = Leucanthemum latifolium DC. 1. c p. 7; Chrysanthemum grandiflorum hort. par. 1819, non Lapeyrouse ; Pryethrum latifloium Willd. Enum.? 904.) The range of Centaurea montana L. is in the Pyrenees, in the mountains of Centreal and Southern Europe, and in the Caucasus. It is a montane-subalpine 1

1 Természettudományi Múzeum Evkönyve