Boros István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 8. (Budapest 1957)
Baksay, L.: The cytotaxonomy of the species Chrysanthemum maximum Ram., Centaurea montana L., Serratula lycopifolia (Vill.) Kern., and Bupleurum falcatum L., ranging in Europe
plant, ascending over 2000 meters in Switzerland, and even to 2800 meters in the Caucasus. In Hungary, it occurs in montane plant associations with a relict character and in places of similar ecology, humidity and cold microclomate ; it is an umbriphilous, silvicolous (Fagion) plant. Within the species C. montana, they distinguish 2—(3) subspecies : 1. ssp. eumontana Gugl., a subspecies with a more lively green color, its petiole wingedly decurrant along the stem, characteristical of the western part of the area ; 2. ssp. mollis (W. et K.) Gugl., which is hardly or not at all decurrant and with a more or less grey indumentum, it ranges in the Carpathians and in the Illyrian mountains. This subspecies is not exclusive within the area of the Carpathian Basin ; author occassionally collected specimens which did not differ from the C. montana form of, e. g. the Alps. The chromosome number of C. montana ssp. mollis, originating from the relict associations Sesleriaetum Heuflerianae and Seslerio-Fagetum from the area of the Hungarian Central Mountains, further from the fragments of northern rock-grasses of thinning beech-woods (Festuca amethystina, Pleurospermum austriacum, Calamagrostis varia ), was 2n = 44 (4 x ). Centaurea Triumfetti All. ( = C. variegata Lam., C. montana var. ß, C. axillaris Wild., C. Seusana Chaix?, C. stricta W. et K.), is a highly varying species, resembling C. montana, with a host of described subspecies, varieties and forms. Its range is a so similar, it lies, however, in the Mediterranean area, from the Pyrenees (Spain) through the Balkans to the Near East. Toward the north, it occurs together with Submediterranean, xerothermous elements. It prefers warmer, drier, sunny grass-lands and rock-grasses, frequent also in dry slopses. It is the member of the plant associations Festuco-Brometum erecti (Xerobrornetum) and Festucetum glaucae subcarpaticum, etc. The chromosome number of C. Triumfetti All. ssp. axillaris (Willd.) Dostál, collected from these associations, is 2n = 22 (2 x ).* The chromosome number of C. Triumfetti, of an unknown (foreign) origin of the Botanical Gardens, examined three years ago, was also 2n = 22. C. montana L. and C. Triumfetti All. have not been distinguished by the classical botanists, they were treated under C. montana. Later authors recognized the distinctness of the two species, they made even references to their relationship, pointing out the different oecological claims of the two species. On the basis of the similarity between their morphological characters and their chromosome numbers, C. montana ssp. mollis is the polyploid of C. Triumfetti ssp. axillaris. In the chromosome set of the diploid species, there are 4 double-satellite chromosomes (Baksay 1955, fig. 70), and the chromosomes are isobranchial. * Fritsch published the chromosome number 2n = 24 for C. montana (1935). The plant could not possibly have been identical with the species examined by the present author, not even if it was C. montana s. 1. (C. Triumfetti) .
