Boros István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 8. (Budapest 1957)

Baksay, L.: The cytotaxonomy of the species Chrysanthemum maximum Ram., Centaurea montana L., Serratula lycopifolia (Vill.) Kern., and Bupleurum falcatum L., ranging in Europe

expedient to enumerate its taxonomy and evaluation within the species Chr. leucanthemum L. s. 1. in some of the more important papers. The synonyms of Chr. maximum Ram. are : Chr. grandifiorum Lapcyrouse, Hist. Abr. Pyren. 527. (1813); Leucanthemum heterophvllum DC, Leuc. maximum DC, Prodr. VI. 46—47. (1837); Chr. lanceolatum Pers. Syn. II. 463. (1807); Chr. heterophvllum Willd. Sp. pl. III. 2142 (1800), pro ssp. Hegi, Illustr. Fl. Mittel. VI. 2. 612 (1928), pro var. Briquet, Fl. Alp. Mar. VI. 97 (1916); Chr. leucanthemum var. macrophyllum Waisbecker 1. c; Chr. leucanthemum var. laciniatum Visiani, Fl. Dahn. II. 86 (1847); Chr. leucanthemum var. crassifolium Fiori, Nuova Fl. Anal. Ital. II. 625 (1925—29); Chr. leucanthemum var. Margaritae Gáyer 1. c. Horvatic, in the first working out of the form group of Chr. leucanthemum (sub Leucanthemum vulgare Lam.) in the flora of Yugoslavia, describes Chr. heterophvllum Willd. as a small species, enumerating also its varieties, though he does not mention, even later, the name Chr. maximum under the synonyms. In a subsequent paper (1935), he splits (relying mainly on Briquet) Chr. leucanthemum L. into 5 subspecies, of which the first one is 1. ssp. montanum (Gaud.) Briqu. et Cav., relegating to it the following varieties : a. var. adustum (Koch) Briqu. et Cav. ; b. var. heterophvllum (Willd.) Briq. et Cav. ; f. hirsutum Gola, f. baldense Fiori, f. rupestre (Schiller) Hay. ; c. var. crassifolium Fiori ; d. var. glossopodium Briq. et Cav. — Of Horvatic's descriptions relating to the aboves, it is clear without any doubt whatever that they refer to a (polyploid) species of a more robust stature, fleshy leaves, large inflorescence and fruits with pappus ; it being nothing else but the forgotten Chr. maximum Ram. He succeeeded even better than later authors to comprise Chr. maximum Ram. and its varieties. Simulteaneously with the paper of Horvatic., the review of Chr. leucanthemum was published in the flora work of Hegi, distinguishing 5 subspecies. The descriptions of Chr. maximum Ram. and its forms crop up among the following subspecies : III. ssp. montanum (All.) Gaud., var. adustum (Koch) Hay., V. ssp. heterophyllum (Willd.), whose typical form is var. maximum Ram. from the Pyrenees, Corse and the Western Alps, relegating to this also its montane (ssp. montanuml) and transitional forms with a smaller stature, and, finally, var. lanceolatum (Pers.). It appeared as c. auriculatum Peterm., under ssp. I. triviale Gaud., first in the work of Hayek; secondly, as A.) heterophyllum (Willd.) Briq., ß rupestre Schiller, under the name II. ssp. montanum (All.) Briq.; further as B.) adustum (Koch) Briq., b. macranthum Hay. and ß laciniatum (Vis.) Röhl. The above and other descriptions indicate that the majority of the authors, when expounding the form group of Chr. leucanthemum L., attached an undue importance to the color of the scales and the various extense of the incisions and serration of the blade margins. According to the observations of the author made in horticultural gardens and in the field (1953 — 1956), these characters are exceedingly varying and of uncertain value, — to accept them can but lead to errors and the labyrinths of the above synonyms. As witnessed by the examined herbaria and living material, we are confronted by a varying species, yet not to the extent as literature would lead as to believe. Chr. maximum Ram. has the following varieties : 1. var. lanceolatum (Pers.) em. Baksay (= pro spec. Pers. 1. c; Leucanthemum vulgare var. carpaticum Rochel apud Besser Enum. 34 (1822); Chr. leucanthemum var. rupestre Schiller p. p. in Mitt. Naturw. Ver. Univ. Wien I. 29 (1903); Its ground leaves are lanceolate, narrowly ovate, the blade of the leaf runs long down the petiole. Its stem leaves are narrowly lanceolate, tapering to the petiole, — with the ex-