Boros István (szerk.): A Magyar Természettudományi Múzeum évkönyve 8. (Budapest 1957)

Baksay, L.: The cytotaxonomy of the species Chrysanthemum maximum Ram., Centaurea montana L., Serratula lycopifolia (Vill.) Kern., and Bupleurum falcatum L., ranging in Europe

ception of the uppermost one — more finally serrated, together with the ground leaves (Fig. Jávorka — Csapod y: Iconographia tab. 524, Fig. 3758). 2. var. laciniatum (Vis.) em. Baksay (= Chr. leucanthemum var. laciniatum Visiani 1. c.; Chr. leucanthemum var. laciniatum Fiori Fl. Anal. It. III. (1903); Chr. leucanthemum var. pollinense Cavarra et Grande ex Fiori Nuov. Fl. Anal. It. II. 625 (1925—29); The ground leaves are deeply and sinuately incised to one-half or one-third of the blade, they are lobatcly dentate, the stem leaves roughly and deeply serrate. Several specimens from Hungary and Italy. f. hirsutum Gola (ex Fiori 1. c. 1925—29); The leaves and especially the lower portion of the stem are more or less roughly haired. ssp. montanum (All.) em. Baksay (= Chrysanthemum montanum Allioni Flor. ped. 1.1. 37 (1785), non L.; Leucanthemum montanum DC. et L. at rat urn DC. p. p. 1. c. p. 48.; Chr. montanum var. adustum Koch Syn. ed. 2. 417 (1843); Chr. adustum Fritsch Exc. fl. ed. 2. 566 (1922); Its stem is shorter (25—40 cm), its ground leaves rounded, obovate or elongate, smaller, more flatly dentate. Its stem leaves are lanceolate, serrate or sparsely dentate, the uppermost ones frequently whole, the leaves congregate more or less to the lower portion of the stem. The plant is generally smooth, the scaies are always deep-black margined (Hegi 1. c. p. 610, Fig. 325 b, T h o m m e n : Atlas d. Fl. Suisse p. 219 Nr. 2747). On grassy, craggy places in the alpine-subalpine region. There are typical specimens from the alpine region (Alps, the High Tatra) in the herbarium, less so from the subalpine region ; this was the cause why the varieties (those of Chr., maximum Ram.) were relegated by several authors to the name ssp. montanum. Ssp. montanum is an oecologically differentiated subspecies, belonging geneticaly to Chr. maximum Ram., represented by specimens of higher statures gradually downward of the subalpine region. The descriptions and naming of the varieties and forms enumerated above and discussed in literature all originate from the misconception of this species. The oecological observations of the author concerning Chr. maximum Ram. refer mainly to (colline) submontane-montane areas. It is a striking character of this plant that it always grows by itself and never in masses like Chr. leucanthemum L. It occurs both in basic and acid soils. Raised in gardens, it becomes shrubby, and raised in identical circumstances, it blooms 5 days earlier than Chr. leucanthemum L. According to her further experiences, Chr. leucanthemum L. and Chr. maximum Ram. exclude each other, they do not occur together in the same locality. Chr. maximum Rain, prefers, in the submontane region, half-shadowy localities of a northern inclination with a colder microlimate, — these are relatively more favourable to it than the drier, sunny slopes and summits where Chr. leucanthemum L. grows. On the Molinia coerulea meadows of submontane broad valleys, Chr. leucanthemum thrives, whilst Chr. maximum Ram. may be found on the inclinations of the same valley, in shadowy or half-shadowy places, on the edges of the woods. It is a true member of plant associations with a relict character, like Orno-Fageto-Caricetum albae and Sesleriaetum-Heuflerianae, where it may be found with dealpine elements, like Primula auricula, Carduus glaucus, Calamagrostis varia, Fesiuca amethystina. Aside of these relict associations, it grows on rocky places of thinning beechwood, in QuercetoCarpinetum. The observations of the author in Czechoslovakia presented a similar picture. In submontane-montane regions and in the plant associations of Seslerio-Festucion glaucae, where the steep rock-grass tends to a northwestern half-shadowy exposition with the dominant Sesleria calcarea, it always follows the association (Bánoce, Brezova, Sulov, the Szádelő valley.). According to