Kiss Kitti: Kovácsolt és öntöttvas edények a magyar szabadtéri múzeumokban (A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum tárgykatalógusai, Skanzen könyvek. Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 2012)
Melléklet
The factory in Kisgaram provided detailed information on its production between 1889 and 1898—of enamelled cast iron vessels the smallest quantity was 650,000 kgs in 1890, the biggest was 1,008,000 kgs in 1892; the average quantity was cca 900,000 kgs; in 1898 932,900 kgs was produced. About 10 percent of this was sheet vessels; the smallest quantity was 77,400 kgs in 1895 and the biggest was 127,200 kgs in 1889. In 1898 in Kisgaram the biggest proportion of the products was cast enamelled vessels— 63.55 percent of the overall production. Wrought iron vessels were made in the forging mill of Gyula Plander and Co. in Merény— 22,500 pieces valuing 22,000 Crowns—most of them were pans and saucepans with long handles and they also made bricklaying tools. This was the only factory that produced wrought vessels in the country. In an article describing the millennium exhibition in 1896 the products of this forging mill were called interesting specialities and the writer added that this branch were losing its importance day to day due to the cheapness of enamelled vessels and it was only maintained by the fact ..that in some areas the more expensive but ever-lasting wrought iron pans and vessels were still popular." 3 6 The most important raw materials of enamel manufacturing were imported from Austria, Germany, France and Sweden as they were not available from the domestic producers in an appropriate quality or nobody manufactured them. According to foreign trade statistics, the import of iron vessels was significant; only 35 percent of the entire demand was provided by Hungarian factories. Austria was the main exporter with 4,089,900 kgs in 1898 and the reason was the overproduction of the factories in Austria which flooded our markets with their products and Hungary could not compete with them. In 1898 the import surplus of cast enamelled vessels was 2,021,700 kgs and that of enamelled sheet vessels was 1,249,300 kgs. The following statistics on 1906 published in 1911 3 7, despite the depressing competition within the monarchy, reported on the development of our iron vessel manufacturing. The significant achievements gained in this situation were explained by the extremely increased consumption of enamelled vessels and the fact that our factories gained international markets. In 1906 we exported enamelled vessels into 27 countries— 47 percent into Austria, 23 percent into Russia, 7 percent into Turkey and 5 percent to the Balkans. The significant import surplus during the first production statistics in 1898 was regarded as the outcome of the production cartel extending to Austria and Hungary including two private enamel factories in Losonc where sheet vessels were enamelled. Statistics observed 5 groups of products in detail; the 5 categories indicate the widening of the offer and the assortment of the available types of vessels: 3 6 MATLEKOVICS, S. 1898, p. 300 3 7 EDVI ILLÉS, A. 1911 3 8 1. The first Hungarian tin and iron enamelling factory. Sternlicht S. and Co. in Losoncz, founded in 1883. 2. Iron and enamelling factories Bartelmus and Co. in Kisgaram, founded by the Treasury in 1884. The recent owner purchased it for half a million Crowns in 1901. (Since 1901 its name has been Bartelmus ! 3. Hungarian tin and iron vessel enamelling factory György Rakottyai and Co., founded in 1. Raw cast iron vessels 2. Enamelled cast iron vessels 3. Black tin vessels—wrought or stamped (cauldrons and kettles] 4. Enamelled sheet vessels 5. White tin or tinned or zinced vessels The first three were manufactured by the same companies as in 1898, the fourth grew significantly. In 1898 enamelled sheet vessels were made in 3 factories only—Kisgaram and the 2 factories in Losonc—in 1906 there were 6 factories already and in 1907 the 7th was opened. Of the factories 4 were in private ownership and 2 were Limited companies. All of them were located along railways; the one in Kisgaram was connected to the main railway by a factory siding. As main branches 6 factories produced iron vessels; 5 manufactured enamelled tin vessels and 1 produced enamelled cast iron vessels. The factories manufacturing enamelled sheet vessels in the order of their establishment and the producers of other types of vessels are as follows: 3 8 I. Production and sales of raw and cast iron vessels —ironworks and an independent foundry: 1. Ironworks in Dolha-Rókamező and the smelting works of the Spade and hoe forging mill Ltd. in Dolha 2. Ironworks of Sándor Lántzky in Szentkeresztbánya 3. Factory of the Iron industrial society in Nadrág 4. Factory of the patented Austrian-Hungarian state railway society in Anina 5. Iron foundry in Ruszkicza of the mine and smeltworks in Kalán II. Enamelled cast iron vessels: 1. Factory of the patented Austrian-Hungarian state railway society in Anina 2. Factory of Iron and enamelling company of Bartelmus and Co. Ltd. in Kisgaram III. Kettles and saucepans: Gyula Plander and Co., formerly the forging mill of Mihály Plander in Merény (..Saucepans are produced only in the forging mill of Gyula Plander and Co. in Szepesmerény". Although they were sheet metal products, due to the manufacturing method they were listed among the wrought metal products—vessels were made of wrought sheet with wrought legs and handles. IV. White tin and tinned vessels 3 9 Compared to 1898, in 1906 2.9 times more enamelled sheet vessels—weighning 5,100,000 kgs—were sold in Hungary valuing nearly 7.5 million Crowns. 1892. The stamped vessels were first purchased from the factory of Scholtz C.A. in Matheócz but the buying of semi-prepared products became non-profitable due to the decline of economy so in 1902 he established his own vessel-stamping shop, which resulted in the quitting of the suppliers. They have been producing smoke tubes and zinced household utensils since 1908. 4. Scholtz C.A. tinning and enamelling factory in Matheócz, founded in 1845. Enamelling started after 1902. 5. Vesta enamelling factory, previously Westen P. Ltd.. in Pozsony-Ligetfalu, founded in 1899. 6. Vessel-stamping factory and metalworks in Budafok, Herz Adolf 1905. 7. Factory of enamelled vessels and metalworks in Fülek, Barok-Mészáros and Co.. 1907. 36
