Cseri Miklós, Tárnoki Judit szerk.: Népi építészet a Kárpát-medencében a honfoglalástól a 18. századig - A 2001. október 9-10-én Szolnokon megrendezett konferencia anyaga (Szentendre; Szolnok: Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum; Szolnoki Damjanich János, 2001)
MIKLÓS Zsuzsa-VIZI Márta: Adatok a középkori Ete mezőváros településszerkezetéhez és háztípusaihoz
The settlement might have been destroyed between 1620 and 1627, however, we don't know the reason. The surviving inhabitants settled down in the neighbouring Decs. Ete was never rebuilt again, the inhabitants of Decs used the place as grazing land till 1962. After this, the archaeological site is used as plough-land. The first researches took place in 1933 and 1935. Several houses, a part of the church, graves and two potter's stoves were unearthed. The excavation documentation was destroyed during the Second World War, so we don't know, where exactly the discovered objects were found. Zsuzsa MIKLÓS was making aerial photographs related to mottes in 1992, when she discovered from a height of a few hundred meters the structure of a settlement and the outlines of houses and streets (fig. 2). After this, she regularly takes photos and videos from the site. The present research has been going on since 1996 under the leading of Zsuzsa MIKLÓS and Márta VIZI. The detailed geodesic survey is made, on which the aerial photos were projected (fig. 3). In 1997 the gothic church of the town was excavated, the complete site was inspected in detail between 1997 and 2000 and the biggest spot visible on the aerial photo, surrounded by a ditch was studied. It seems to be a pottery unit. So far, different types of houses have been discovered. The oldest houses are no. 5 and 6 (10 th-11 th century) and all the rest is from the 15 th — 17 th centuries. House 1935/1 has a structure with Y-shaped uprights (fig. 5/1), house no. 3 has wattle walls and no. 4 had probably rammed earth walls. We want to highlight houses no. 7, 10 and 13 among the houses unearthed after 1996: - house no 7 (1998): store-room of the pottery. Surface: 4,5x4,1 m. Depth: 50 cm below the medieval outside level. We see a row of piles in front of the inner side of the mixed, yellow, rammed wall. The floor is trodden. There is no indication for the existence of heating. We found a 170 cm wide entrance-way with pile-structure in the north-eastern corner (fig. 5/3). A big quantity of ceramics were buried in the filling-up (jugs, pots, lids, oven-tiles). These allow us to date the age of the house to the end of the 15 th , beginning of the 16 th century. A more accurate dating will be possible after the restoration of the finds. House no. 10 (1999): Surface: 9,5x5,2 m. Depth: 90 cm below the medieval outside level. Its structure is similar to house no. 7. We did not find a dividing wall. The remains of the oven laid in the western corner: most of the finds are fragments of tiles in mug-shape, but fragments of several greenyellow glazed tiles made of white material also were uncovered. Two coins from the reign of Ferdinand I with the date of 1543 were discovered. Finds suggest that the house was used in the 16 th century (fig. 5/3). House no. 13 (2001 ): The building on a surface of 3x4,6 m was a cellar. Its 4,2 m long and 2,5 m wide entrance-way is attached to it in a slanting way in the south-eastern corner. There is a rammed earth wall inside, and we see a row of piles. The piles, however did not carry the roof, they supported the lining made of boards. The entrance-way also had a pile-structure, but nothing indicates that a board lining would have been there too. We found on the rammed floor an undamaged glass, a jug and the print of the bottom of a cask. The finds suggest that the cellar was in use in the second half of the 15 th century (fig. 6). So far we found only one two-roomed building on the surface: house no. 1935/2. It had brick walls and in the main room the remains of a tile-oven were found (fig. 5/2). Based on the finds and the observation, we assume that the house burnt down at the time of the final destruction of Ete.
