VÁROS ÉS FALU HATÁRÁN (Kiállítási katalógusok - Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 2010)
In the north of Hungary several small local craft shops were established partly based on the natural resources of the region and partly due to the unique economic-geographical and other social, political and military administration reasons. The establishment of the guilds which gathered the craftsmen can be traced down from the end of the 15th century to the beginning of the 19th century. Following the abolishment of the guilds in 1872 the survival of the guild traditions and customs was observable in several market-towns. In the Uplands the first craftsmen's associations were established in the clothing and food industries. The expansion of the service industries —turners, bricklayers, glaziers, potters, goldsmiths, locksmiths, tinsmiths, etc. —took place at the beginning of the 18th century, following the liberation of Hungary from the Turkish occupation, in the period of the restoration of the country. It was the legal status and connections of the towns that determined how easily they could have access to foundation deeds which A miskolci tímár-varga céh ládája a mesterség munkafolyamatainak ábrázolásával, 1800. (Herman Ottó Múzeum) The chest of the tanners' and cobblers' guild in Miskolc with the work phases, 1800. (Herman Ottó Museum) regulated and controlled the operation of the guilds. 15-20 percent of the population lived on industrial activities in the craft centres in the Uplands. At the beginning the craftsmen fulfilled the local demand with their products. The manufacturing of goods to satisfy the orders and the making of products to sell at fairs became separated in the 18th century; the latter played an important role in folk arts. The preserved documents of the guilds were the charters and the regulations, which proved the lawfulness of the crafting associations and the special legal status of the craftsmen. They provided information about the internal life and organisational order of the guilds, the scheduling of the meetings including details like the employment of apprentices, itineration " and maturation, the supply of goods, product quality and sales. The guild master preserved the important documents in boxes decorated with the symbols characteristic of the guild. A miskolci kalapos céh behívótáblája (Herman Ottó Múzeum) The call-up sign of the hatters' guild in Miskolc. (Herman Ottó Museum)
