Bereczki Ibolya - Nagyné Batári Zsuzsanna - Sári Zsolt: Ház és Ember, A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum évkönyve 26. (Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 2014)
CSERI MIKLÓS - SÁRI ZSOLT: A 20. századi változások kutatásának eredményei a Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeumban
Miklós Cseri - Zsolt Sári RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH DEALING WITH CHANGES DURING THE 20TH CENTURY IN THE HUNGARIAN OPEN AIR MUSEUM SZENTENDRE Research studying vernacular architecture, interior decoration and way of life during the 20th century is one of the most important elements in the new research concept of the Hungarian Open Air Museum Szentendre. The concept demonstrates the ethnographic basic research dealing with the village building complex of the 20th century and provides the settlement concept of the building complex with professional fundament and expert background. The buildings, which represent in the museum exhibition the building complex of the 20th century village, are to be selected on the basis of surveys and ethnographic basic research. The reason for the task’s importance is that the final settlement plan has to be elaborated by using these surveys, which will serve as fundament for the construction of the museum village displaying this period of time as a permanent exhibition. The research program included three main areas: 1. survey of buildings 2. ethnographic basic researches 3. selection of buildings and building types fort the settlement plan Concerning the implemented methods, the research supported by OTKA (K82I03) made use of almost all means applied in ethnography, of individual and group research (local, archival and in the professional literature), of different methods of questioning (interviews referring to the entire life cycle, focus groups, thematic and deep interviews) and several technical means of documentation (photo, film, survey of buildings). Our ethnographic basic researches studied the impact of the building design according to model range (type plan) on the society, the reshaping of the interior decoration (urbanization, spread of furniture design according to model range, modernization) and the transformation of some aspects of way of life (dual domicile, rural exodus, transformation of the agriculture, small enterprises, professions, industrialization). We deposited the research results - the written interviews, the building surveys, the digital photos - in the archives of the Hungarian Open Air Museum. Additionally to the ethnographic fieldwork, we made important progress in the collection of objects. The extension of the collection was basically linked to the basic researches and to the Museum’s exhibition strategy. Connected to the program, we made an effort to obtain for the Museum complete estates of deceased persons. Another element of the collection extension was the thematic collecting effort when we were looking for objects for a special exhibition or for a program. In this context the effort made to collect objects or a type of objects in the area of washing, traffic and different crafts played an important role. The results of the widely ramified research program depict a permanently growing ethnographic puzzle, which help to understand the economic and cultural events of the latest past and of the present. The established research results serve as a fundament for the settlement concept of the building complex, which shall present the unit ‘Village of the 20th century’ in the Museum. 78
