Cseri Miklós, Füzes Endre (szerk.): Ház és ember, A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum évkönyve 20. (Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 2007)

BÁRTH JÁNOS: Erdély és a Partium település-néprajzi viszonyai

THE RELATIONS OF SETTLEMENT ETHNOGRAPHY IN TRANSYLVANIA AND PARTIUM The author highlights some issues of settlement ethnography, mainly those which are totally ethnographical, which are characteristically Transylvanian and can be used as factors when realising a Transylvanian regional unit. The mountainous farmstead at the Székely population goes back to the 16th century. The hayfield on the clearing in the mountains was to be utilised only if a shelter was created. This shelter could be an occasional hut or a complex with a small house and a barn. Some of the Transylvanian Hungarian farmsteads in the mountains became permanent habitable farmstead from such edifices. The other part emerged originally as farmsteads in the 20th century. The examples of the two developments are Székely varság (Udvarhelyszék) and the Uz-Valley (Csíkszék). In the first half of the 20th century the grouping of people from one clan inside a settlement was to be documented. The yard was divided into a "human yard" and an "animal yard". Previously, in Transylvania, the animal yard was closer to the road or street. Several memories of this reversed yard order have remained till the 21st century in the mountainous farmsteads. The Székely villages were divided into settlement parts, each having certain independence. It could own estates, buildings and employees. It organised herds, maintained church and cemetery. It created its own legislation, kept order and produced written regulations. In the 20th century, these settlement parts in Csík functioned as compossessorates.