Cseri Miklós, Füzes Endre (szerk.): Ház és ember, A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum évkönyve 14. (Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 2001)
SZENTI TIBOR: A hódmezővásárhelyi tanyatelek beépítettsége
Tibor Szenti ARRANGEMENT OF BUILDINGS IN THE DETACHED FARMSTEADS IN HÓDMEZŐVÁSÁRHELY Many points used to be considered when the place for a detached farmstead was selected. At the beginning, there was an effort to respect these points, but later, when the plots became smaller, their implementation became impossible. For our essay, we used the drawings made for maps between 1882-1886, where we can study the orientation, the size of the plot, the size and orientation of the buildings and their arrangement. At the beginning, the development of the farmsteads is different from that of the neighbouring Szeged region, still, there are several common characteristics. Antal JUHASZ proved with studying the maps and using the results of his local research that the plots of land in Szeged became smaller. The farmsteads in Vásárhely were subdivided at a large scale especially at the end of the 19 lh century, which resulted in more poverty, hunger for land and social dissatisfaction. The group of buildings in a farmstead developed in dependence from the fanning. The dwelling house was erected first, followed by the stable and all other buildings. We can observe that the arrangement of the group of buildings aimed at the creation of a closed inner court, similarly to the detached farmsteads of Szeged. The transitory arrangement in L, T and U shape led to the finale solution, a group of buildings arranged on a 1 shaped ground-plan. This kept out the animals and surrounded a clean, safe and wind free court, like in Szeged. We see also plots with building groups on a polygonal groundplan and as a consequence of over-development, building groups appear behind each other or next to each other. As a sign of bourgeois development, flower-beds were cared for in front of the house, again a similarity with the farmsteads of Szeged and some well-to-do farmsteads started to make parks. In Szeged, fences separated parts of the plots, while in Vásárhely ditches and embankments served the same purpose. Regular constructions between the farmsteads were the roads, the dikes, the dams, the canals and the ditches. The ditches could serve as borders between plots. Like in Szeged, the plot with its buildings mirrored the economic situation of the owners.
