Kecskés Péter (szerk.): Ház és ember, A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum Közleményei 1. (Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 1980)

Tudománytörténet - K. CSILLÉRY KLÁRA: A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum kialakulásának előtörténete

Kjiapa K. Hniuiepn nPEJJHCTOPHH BEHrEPCKOrO 3THOrPA0>HqECKOrO MY3EH YIOR OTKPbITbIM HEEOM riepBaH ^acTb ciaTbH paccMaîpHBaeT npeflnocbuiKH 19 BeKa b OTHomeHHH BeHrpHM, npeflcraBnaji b paMKax BbicTaBKH HapoflHbie nocTpoHKH. TaKHe BnepBbie rpnrypHpoBajiH Ha napjDKCKoiï BceMHpHOH BwcTaBKe b 1867 rorjy, rp,e no co n,Han b ho -no ji ht ec ií hm moth­B3M nonyMHJiH MecTO "THnbi jkhjihih xapaKTepHbie ajih OTflejibHbix npoBHHHHÖ", flanee no couHajibHO-pe­HopMHCTKHM peKOMeHflaiiHJiM - HfleanbHbie ropoA­CKHe h cenbCKHe paöoMHe KBaprapw. Bwöop crpaH­yqacTHHU pa3flejimiHCb: pa3BHTbie b npoMbinrneHHOM OTHomeHHH rocynapcTBa, b tom MHCJie h CTpaHa-opra­HH3aTop coopyflKJiH HecKonbKo Konnii aomob, nocipoeHHLix paHee b paSo^HX nocenicax, a Apyrne Ha MeCTe B03ABHHyjIH Tpan,HHHOHHbie, B ÔOHbUIHHCTBe CBoeM cenbCKHe flOMa. EbiiiH cpeAH hhx h cTpeMJichhh CTpOHTb nOAnHHHbie CTpoeHHH, TaK 3TO 6bülO OTHOCH­TeribHo HopBOKCKoro aoMa (rboTo I), ho h npn flâne caMonpoH3B0JibH0H (popMbi, K3K 3TO 6büio b cjiynae BeHrepCKOH "napabi" (Tpaiornpa). B to BpeMH, KUK Ü7IH HarHHflHOCTH H HCnO JI b 30 B aHHH OÖCTaHOBKH paßoTOx aomob Hx 3acenHJiH >KHJibn,aMH, to h3 cenbc­KHX aomob öbLTio npeACTaBJieHo rojuiaHflCKoe MonoHHoe xoshhctbo h, K3K npeflnojioraeTCK, c uejibio nponaraHAHpOBaHHH cwpoB, H3roTOBnfleMbix Ha MecTe. Cjienyroinaa BceMHpHan BbicTaBKa, opraHH30BaHHan b BeHe b 1873 roAy, TaioKe npeflocraBHJia MecTO ajih CenbCKHX flOMOB, HO 3fleCb BMeCTO pa60MHX flOMOB — b OTn,ejibH0M ßnoKe — 6bUiH npeflCTBaneHbi HOMa cpeAHeKo cocjiobhh. XLth ynacTHÄ b BwcTaBKe CTaBHJiHCb ycjioBHH h noAMepKHBariHCb couHanbHO­nonHTHMecKHe HaMepeHHH, ho Ha Heft He npenxiojiora­nocb npeACTaBjiHTb HOBiuecTBa; ynacTHHKOB BbicTaBKH CTHMynHpOBana K OTblCKaHHIO KpeCTbHHCKHX AOMOB, AOCTOHhmx noßpaxcaHHK), b Hafle>Kfle Ha3HflaTejibHoro npHMepa flJiH KpecTbHH, noceinaioniHX 3Ty BbicTaBKy. Ho pecpopMHCTCKHe >KejiaHHH He HauuiH OTKJiHKa., b HTore "BbiCTaBOHHaii flepeBHH" CTana STHorpaqbmec­KOH 3Kcno3Hiuieií. JLiH cocTaBn eHHS OTMeTa npHBJieKJiH tbonbKnopHCTa Kapna rOjinyca IIlpeepTe, KOTOpblH O flOMaX COCTaBHJI MHeHHe Ha OCHOBe HX flocTOBepHOCTH. CornacHO oTMeTy TonbKO 9 coo­pyjKeHHH CHTanHCb B KaqeCTBe KpeCTbHHCKHX flOMOB, H3 HHX 4 C TeppHTOpHH HCTOpHMeCKOH BeHTpHH (2—5 cpOTo) . HecKonbKo aomob 6buio nocTpoeHHo 06bIMHbIM CnOC060M KpeCTbHHaMH, pHA flOMOB ÖbLTIO OÖCTaBJieHO, B HHX )KHHH CeMbH KpeCTbHH. TOJIMKOM K C03flaHHK) My3eeB nOA OTKpblTbIM HeÖOM nocnyaaina BbicTaBKa 1873 rofla, nocne nocemeHHH KOTopoft HAeio co3AaHHH "CKaH3eHa" (My3en nofl OTKpblTbIM hc6om) BbiflBHHyji Xa3enHyc. Ho, Booöine, b Komie craneTHH npoAonacaeT nneH­HTb flajibnie "sTHorpacbmecKan flepeBHH". TaKyio nocTpOHJiH b Eynaneune no cnynaio TbicHHaneraH CTpaHbi, Ha BbiCTaBKe 1896 rona. Ha TeppHTOpHH BbicTaBKH Ha 24 ynacTKax 6buiH B03BeAeHbi o6cTaB­neHHbie flOMa H X03HHCTBeHHbie npHCTpOHKH, flJIH OÄHBneHHfl cjiy^cHJiH pa30fleTbie Kyioibi. 3flecb yace coopy>KeHHH noflÖHpariHCb no HayMHOMy, K3K 3to h AenanH no3AHee y ocTanbHbix "AepeBeHb" coot­BecTBeHHO nnaHaM h hothoto pyKOBOflCTBa 3HaMe­HHToro 3THorpacpa flHOina Hhko. npHBOflHMbie 3flecb rpOTorparpHH noKa3biBaioT nnaH 3acrpoHKH (rpOTO 6) h (pparMeHTbi ynHUbi flepeBHH (cpOTo 7), o6cTaHOBKy KOMHaTbl, BHyTpeHHHe HaCTH KOHIOUTHH H KyXHH ((boTO 8—9), a pa6oTy no noflöopy h ocymecTBneHHio HJiniOCTpHpyiOT flO KyM eHTaMH H OTfleJIbHblMH npeflMeTaMH o6cTäHOBKH flOMa h3 cena CeHTran, pacKHHyBurerocH b ropax ceBepHee 03epa EajiTOH. ((Doto 10-16).

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