Kecskés Péter (szerk.): Ház és ember, A Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum Közleményei 1. (Szentendre, Szabadtéri Néprajzi Múzeum, 1980)
Közlemények - GRÁFIK IMRE: A makói paraszt-polgár ház
dMpe TpacpHK KPECTbHHCKO-MEIHAHCKMH HOM B Y. MAKÓ Hanajio (popMHpoBaHHH ceroflRfliiiHero ropoflKa MaKO Hananocb ero nepecTpoÜKoií B 1699 rony, a no cBoeMy xapaKTepHOMy pa3BHTHio flBnneTcn OŰHHM H3 npenCTaBHTenen anbnrbenbncKHx ropOAKOB XVIII—XIX BeKOB. VcTaHaBnHBaeMbiH flOM - no CTapmmbiM onncaHHHM H KapTaM — CTOÍW paHee Ha ynnne KomyT, 46, Ha ÖbiBinen ynnne HIoxa3 Henaneica OT neHTpanbHoft ruioinan,H H BOCToraoee ropoflCKoro paíioHa YABapoin (HoBbiií ropon), oScTpoeHHe nnomann Haqanocb BO BTopoíí nonoBHHe XVIII CToneTHH. Haqano, a TOHHee BpeMH Hanana CTpOHTenbCTBa flOMa no ceMeíÍHOH TpannnnH OTHOCHTCH KO BpeMeHH poacneHHfl HHoma Canan Mnamnero, KOTopbin 6bm nenpM HbmeuiHero X03HHH3 3Toro noMa, poaHBinerocH B 1862 rony. TaK HM o6pa30M noM HBnneTcn OAHHM H3 Tex 300 >KHnbIX nOMOB H 3% BCeX 3n.aHHÍÍ rOpOfla, KOTOpbIH OTHOCHTCH K nepBoií nonoBHHe BToporo nepHona CTpoHTenbCTBa HbmeurHero roponcKoro dponna coopy^ceHHH. MeTonbi CTpOHTenbCTBa, nnaHHpoBKa H cbyHKnHOHanbHoe Ha3HaqeHHe noMemeHHH acnnoro AOMa no HOBbiM naHHbiM, aHanorHHM H namibiM cnennaribHOH nHTepaTypbi HBnmoTcn cyMMOíí pe3ynbTaTOB MHOTHX cpa3 CTpOHTenbCTBa. CaM noM HBnneTCH npencTaBHTeneM KpecTbHHCKo-MemaHCKoii npocnoÜKH HOBOÍÍ HCTopHH o6mecTBa cenbCKHX ropoflOB. üpeaen BpeMeHH fpopMHpoBaHHH STOH npocnoHKH, ecnH ero paccMaTpHBaTb C TOHKH 3peHHH apXHTeKTypbl H CTpOHTenbCTBa, npencTaBneHHoro KnaccHUH3MOM c y^eTOM TaK^e H yKnana, H (popMbi ÍKH3HH oíjoroinaioinerocH KpecTbHHCTBa, TO B cny^ae ropom<a MaKO ero MO>KHO oTHecTH K TpeTbeMy nepnony XIX BeKa. 3TO HBnneTcn TeM nepHOflOM, HH>KHHH npeaen KOToporo MOHŒO OTHecTH K cepem-me XIX CToneTHH, a BepxHHH — K ronaM, npenineBCTBywuiHM nepBoii MHPOBOÍÍ BOHHC OHH paccMarpHBaioTcn OAHHM H3 nyMiuHx 3HaTOKOB, ypoaœHneM STOTO roponKa B KaMecTBe "nepexonHoro nepnofla", o KOTopoM OH immeT: "Bo BTopoíí nonoBHHe CToneTHH yyKe OTKpbuincb BO3MO>KHOCTH flnn 6yp»cya3HOKanHTanHCTOTecKoro npoH3BoncTBa, a 06LUHMH CTann pa3BHTbie npoH3BOflCTBeHHbie MeTonbi, a non HX BnnnHHeM oßinecTBo cenbCKoro ropoflKa 6bino BbiBeneHo H3 KpecTbHHCKoro paBHOBecnn. IlpOH3BOnCTBO 6bUIO npHCnOCo6neHO K 3KCnopTHbIM B03M05KHOCTHM, npH 3TOM B03HHKJ1H 6ypKya3Hbie noTeÖHOCTH. H CTponrenbCTBO SToro nepexonnoro nepHona HBnneTcn nepexonHWM. Hapnny co CTapwMH MaTepHanaMH CTann TaKace ncnonb30BaTb H HOBbie, a noMa non>KHbi öbuiH ynoBneTBopflTb 6onee ninpoKHM noTpeöHocTHM, qeM paHee. CaM ace nepexon co3n.an peuTHTenbHbie H xapaKTepHbie rpopMbi, KOTOpbie CTann 061UHMH. TaKOÍi MeTon CTpOHTenbCTBa eme npncnoCa6nHBanCH K KpeCTbHHCKHM TpanHUHflM, HO npH 3TOM y»e y^HTbiBaeT TaK^ce H HOBbie MaTepnaribi H noTpeöHOCTH". 3TH onpeaeneHHH H B 6onee uinpoKOM noHHMaHHH KacaioTCH TaKMce H oömen oöcraHOBKH aauibix AOMOB. K paccMarpHBaeMOMy ropoflCKOMy noMy OTHOCHTICH TaKMce H xyTop, a OTHoenrenbHo opneHTauHH BeneHHH npoH3Bonnmero xo3«HCTBa cnenyeT OTHCCTH K COCTaBHOMy KpeCTbHHCKOMy X03HHCTBy. CeMbH B OCHOBHOM 3aHHManacb BbipamHBaHHeM 3naKOBbix KynbTyp, a B KanecTBe xapaKTepHoro aononHeHHH HeoöxonHMO yKa3aTb TaK)Ke H Ha BbipaumBamie nyKa, B KonHMecTBe, npeBocxonnurHM coöcTBemibie noTpeöHOCTH. IloSTOMy HMeeTCH B03M05KHOCTb H ÎUIH TOTO, MTo6bi npencTaBHTb 3necb TaK»ce H cneuHanbHyio MOHOKynbTypy roponKa MaKO BMecTe c npoH3BOflnuiHMH H nepepaöaTbraaroinHMH cpencTBaMH. Imre Gráfik A PEASANT-CITIZEN' S HOUSE OF MAKÓ The beginning of Makó 's taking shape as it is nowdays, took place with the newbuilding in 1699, and so became the town one of the représentants of the lowlandborough settlements of the 18—19th centuries, with its development's characteristics. The living house in Kossuth Lajos street 46 on base of registerings and maps
