Endrőczi Elemér: 100 éves a magyar orvostovábbképzés 1883-1983 (Budapest, 1983)

Összefoglalás (angol nyelven)

beginning in the capital and in the university towns. The ruins were hardly cleared away and a rapid development in all aspects of science and medicine occurred within a few years after the end of the war. Thus, the Hungárián Academy of Sciences was re-established, scientific meetings were arranged and new scientific periodicals were launched in many sectors of science including medicine. A central institution for postgraduate medical education had already been urged by the Committee in the first decades of the Century. It was realized, however, in the socialist health system in 1956. According to the order of the Council of Ministers, the State Hospital in Szabolcs Street was declared for central institution of postgraduate medical education. To attain this important stage in the development of the Hungárián postgraduate medical teaching Programme, a great effort was made by Frigyes Doleschall, director of the hospitál and later minister of healt. A rapid development of postgraduate medical education occurred in the past 25 years. The organization of courses for physicians, dentists and pharmacists became a nation-wide programme and the costs were covered by the state. The number of participants was approximately 5000 per year in the lat-e 1960s and more than 150 courses lasting for 2-3 weeks were organized in different branches of medicine. The Second Public Health Bill was issued by the Presidium of the Hungárián People's Republic in 1972, which appeared as a basic document of socialist health. Medical care became free for all Citizens and the prevention of diseases came intő the center of the future goals. In keeping with this health policy, the minister of health has passed a series of important decrees which resulted in the integration of fragmented health service and created the structure necessary for progressive medical care. The orders and instructions of the kind marked a change in the main topics of the postgraduate medical education programme, itself reformed by a ministerial decree in 1978. The importance and the effectiveness of postgraduate medical education were acknowledged by the political and state authorities when the Institute received the rank of university level in 1974. At the same time, the Institute branched into two faculties: the Postgraduate Medical School is charged to organize postdoctoral training courses for physicians, pharmacists and clinical psychologists, and the High Schoo! of Health performs the education of students for Special branches of health service. Furthermore, the Specialization Comittee for Medicine, Pharmacy and Clinical Psychology is working in the frame of the Institute under the direct control of the Ministry of Health. There are more than 200 courses lasting from 2 to 8 weeks organized by the Postgraduate Medical School at three different levels in each year. The first level is a teaching programme for physicians who are before the examination of specialization, the second one serves as refreshment course for physicians who are already specialized, and the third level corresponds to the postgraduate education of leaders (physicians, in chief, chief medical officers). According to the decree of the Ministry of Health, every physician is obliged to participate in the postgraduate medical education at five years intervals although this interval is only four years for the leaders. In addition to the organization of courses, there are a great number of physicians who spent more or less time individually in a specialized institute or ward which is also paid by the state and control led by the Postgraduate Medical School. 74