Endrőczi Elemér: 100 éves a magyar orvostovábbképzés 1883-1983 (Budapest, 1983)

Összefoglalás (angol nyelven)

A SHORT HISTORY OF 100 YEARS OLT) POST GRADU A T E MEDICAL EDUCATTON IN HUNGARY (1883—1983) In the 18th Century there was an increasing demand of the nation for ' a medical faculty in the capital and it was urged by János Dániel Perliczi, chief medical officer of Nógrád county, at the ruling regime in Vienna in 1742. Dueto the reform in medicine and public health in Austria, which was initiated by Boerhave's pupil Gerhard van Sivieten (the founder of the First Vienna School in medicine), the first medical faculty of the country was established in Nagyszombat (Trnava in CSSR today) in 1770. The faculty was soon transferred to the Royal Castle of Buda, in 1777, but as regards the fact that hospitals necessary to the training of medical students were located in Pest, the faculty moved to Pest in 1783. As a result of the cultural and economical suppression of the country by the ruling regime from Vienna, the national language was poorly developed both in science and medicine and only a few members of the teaching staff used the Hungárián language at Pest University (Sámuel Rácz, Ferenc Bene). The pioneer work to reform and use the national language in medicine was connected to the name of Pál Bugát. Due to such efforts the first Hungárián medical periodical, „Orvosi Tár" was established by Pál Bugát and Ferenc Toldy in 1831. In addition to this, several medical books written in Hungárián were published in the first decades of the 19th Century. The spreading of national self-respect resulted in an increased activity to nationalize the scientific life which manifested itself in the foundation of the Hungárián Academy of Sciences, in the establishment of scientific societies and committees and the edition of books in the vernacular. On the other hand, the reforms in medicine and public health as well as the university teaching programmes initiated by Rokitansky, Hebra and Skoda deeply influenced the development of medicine in the country. Most of our best physicians spent shorter or longer time at Vienna University Clinics where the equipment was up to the standards of the time and the modern view of clinical pathology began to prevail. The War of Independence in 1848 was the uprising of the whole nation against the oppression of Vienna and almost all physicians joined to support the revolution. There was a large-scale demand for medical care of the wounded from the battle-fields and this required an urgent training of physi71