Endrőczi Elemér: 100 éves a magyar orvostovábbképzés 1883-1983 (Budapest, 1983)

Összefoglalás (angol nyelven)

cians in surgery and tho organization of emergency fieldhospitals. The postdoctoral courses with living demonstrations were organized by Ferenc Flór, János Balassa and Sándor Lumniczer. These courses may be regarded as the predecessors of the organized postgraduate medical teaching in the country. The breakdown of the revolutionary movements for independence was followed by a drastic suppression of all kind of national activities. The best physicians and university professors were removed from their positions and many were jailed for shorter or longer periods ( Balassa, Flór, Frigyes Korányi, Lajos Markusovszhy, etc.J. A group of physicians gathered around Balassa, Markusovszhy and Korányi who urged to improve public health and initiated the new prosperity of medical life in the country. Marhusovszhy established the „Orvosi Hetilap" in 1857, this periodical highly contributed to the postdoctoral medical education over the past 125 years. Among others, Marhusovszhy s paper published in the Journal strongly contributed to acknowledge Semmelweis's teaching about the origin of childbed fever. Other papers urged the ruling government to improve public health and to prevent epidemics but recent Information from the medical world were also published in up-to-date form. Owing to an easing tension in the political life and in great part to the activities of Balassa and Marhusovszhy the attention of the government was focussed on the urgent problems of public health and the First Public Health Bill was formulated in 1870. In the leading countries of the age (Great Britain, Russia, Germany, USA) the necessity to complete the knowledge of physicians had been recognized already, and postdoctoral training courses were organized regularly and the participation was even compulsory in several countries. In Hungary, József Fodor submitted the proposal to organize postgraduate training courses in the vacation to the Council of the Medical Faculty of Pest University (chairman was Marhusovszhy) in May 5, 1883. The main aims of these courses were to Supplement knowledge and to help the physicians to acquire new forms of medical practice. The organization of courses was directed by the Executive Committee (the first chairman was Fodor, and the secretary Kálmán Müller): the duration of each course was two weeks. The main topics were closely related to the urgent need of public health (mother and child care, tuberculosis, trachoma, etc.) and the costs of organization were covered by the fees paid by the participants which made a strong lim i tation to the audience. The first financial support from the government, although it was far less than sufficient, was given in 1903, and it was the first official acknowledgement of the postgraduate medical education on the part of the state. This was followed by the organization of the Central Committee of the Postgraduate Medical Education in 1912: the Committee was a government acknowledged organ and it was charged to direct the organization of postgraduate medical teaching in Hungary. The first chairman was Lajos Tóth (undersecretary of state) and the secretary function was held by Emil Grósz. A prosperity of the postgraduate medical education manifested itself in many respects: more than 50 courses were organized during the first 25 years. In 1911, Kornél Scholtz and Emil Grósz established „Orvosképzés", a periodical which ha ve served the cause of postgraduate medical education until nowadays. The Committee decentralized many courses to provinciai universities and hospitals (Debrecen, Gyula, Szeged, Nagyvárad, Kolozsvár, Pécs, Kaposvár) each course was led by one 72