Claudius F. Mayer: From Plato to Pope Paul / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 17. (Budapest, 1989)

318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 66 tists ("Wiedertäufer^'''J in Münster with a regime of communism and polygyny. To recapture the city, the German Diet had to raise an army, and, after a siege of 18 months, the "Kingdom of Zion" was conquered, and John of Leyđeñ, the leader, was executed. Cf. BEER 1. c. footnote 214, vol 2, 123. In Paraguay, among the Guarani Indians, the Jesuits founded a "kingdom of Christian humanity and justice" (ca. 1608-1768) as PLATO and CAMPANELLA prescribed it. The state was closed to non-Indians. The fathers took the marriage contract into their own hand, and arranged it very schematically for the state's sake. Marriage ages were 14-17 for the boys, 11-16 for the girls. Little bells admonished the couples at night to "do their duty". Carlos III., of Spain banished all Jesuits from Spanish dominions in 1767. Cf. PARAGUAY. Guia geografica de turismo. Ascunción, 1932. Also PFOTENHAUER, J. (1891): Die Missionen der Jesuiten in Paraguay. 3. v. Gütersloh.

—The "Evangelic Republic" was commented on by many (CHATEUBRIAND: Génié du Christianisme, iv: 4; VOLTAIRE: Essais de les moeurs, also in his Candide; JOLY, C.

: Histoire de la Compagnie de Jésus (Par., 1844) compares it to the republic of Lycurgos; GOTHE N, E.: Der christlich-soziale Staat der Jesuiten in Paraguay (Lpz., 1883). Cf. also SCHLARAFFIA politica, 1. c., p. 102.—

John BARCLAY (1582-1621) satyrized it in his Euphormionis Satyr icon. The communistic and genetic ideas of MORELLY (cf. our footnote 315 above) had a deep influence on his contemporaries, upon BABEUF, and the Société des égaux, who tried to establish a state based upon his laws and principles. MORELLY (1755) set up 12 laws in 117 articles ("Code de la nature"

). The 9th law is on compulsory marriage. The 10th law deals with education, and it makes breast-feeding obligatory. MORELLY also said: "Le monde est une table suffisemment garnie pour tous les convives.

.." (Ibid., 53). In 1797, BABEUF, the leader was seized, and executed. Among his papers, plans of laws were found which were almost verbal copies of MORELLY. Babeuf's revolutionary plans reflect the communistic Utopias of MORE and MORELLY. BURTON, 1. c.

: "And sure I think, it hath been ordered by God's especial providence that in all ages there should be (as usually there is) once in 600 years a transmigration of nations, to amend and purify their blood, as we alter seed upon our land, and that there should be as it were an inundation of those Northern Goths and Vandals, and many such like people which came out.

.. to alter for our good our complexions, which were much defaced with hereditary infirmities, which by our lust and intemperance we had contracted. A sound generation of strong and able men were sent amongst us, as those Northern men usually are, innocuous, free from riot, and free from diseases.

..". CAMPANELLA: A Discourse Touching the Spanish Monarchy (transl. Lond., 1654), advised the Spanish king that he should permit his soldiers in foreign countries to get women by force.

.." for the intermixture of races would be good". After 24 Aug., 1572, St. Bartholomew's night, about 70 000 protestants perished in a few days as Charles IX boasted in his letter to Gregory XIII. In 1609-10, during Philip III, 900 000 Moors (others says 300 000) were driven out from Spain because of their religion. Cf. also WALLACE R. (1753): A dissertation on the numbers of mankind. Lond., 226. Newly enthroned sultans used to kill their brothers in order to do away with future competition; e. g. MEHMET III (ruled 1595-1603). HARRINGTON, 1. c. (1658).—Other speculations in Ireland were proposed by Wm PETTY: Political Anatomy of Ireland (1672) who wanted to exchange English and Irish stock of young people for breeding to improve the quality of the population. See also Sir Richard COX (Cf. BONAR, 1. c., (Theories of Population, Lond., 1931.), 91,98/99. HIGNY, C. P. (1919): Studies in History, N. Y., vol. 85. No. 1.; q. by MINER (1932): Human Biology, 4: 286. The regulations provided that each Jewish family received a number which was to be handed down from father to son. Only one child in a family was to be permitted to marry, and to this child the family number was to be handed over. Thus, it was expected that the total number of Jewish families will be reduced. The settlers considered themselves as a "chosen people" tu build a New Zion on earth soaked in Indian blood. Systematic alcoholic intoxication of the Indians by white people has been going on since HUDSON in 1609. ("Manhattan"

' =mana-hattan = place of drunkenness).

—Before