J. Antall szerk.: Medical history in Hungary 1972. Presented to the XXIII. International Congress of the History of Medicine / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 6. (Budapest, 1972)
M. Vida: State-Models (Utopias) and Sociology of Medicine
34 Medical History in Hungary 1972 (Comm. Hist . Artis Med. Suppl. 6.) namely the instinct of group, they are friendship, ambition, love and familiar nature. Finally "sériisme" is for satisfying mind. Its competition and racing, •"papi on", the passion of variousness and desire of variety, and "composite" the emotion enthusiasm, extasy and creation. The main reason of human misery is the neglection of group and series instincts. The law of natural order is the law of series. "Harmony is born from series" —Fourier's epitaph propagates his thesis even today. The demand of variousness orders to have full freedom, for women and men as well. He regulated love affairs according to the relationship of lover, begetter and hushand, first of all for protecting women from disappointment, secondly the husband of sterile women, who would like children, from the pressure of circumstances followed by unforeseeable consequences. Children parcipiate in public education, so their instincts are observed and after that they are put into groups. Imre Madách gave voice in his "Tragedy" of the practical antagonism between virtual freedom and compulsion of guidance. Adam is seeing with horror that in the phalanstery the child is taken away from his mother for public education. The mother bewailing the loss of her child is deprived also of love, because: "A romantic man and a nerve-ridden woman Beget weak offspring. They' re unfit to mate." 1 2 In the field of eating the art of cooking flourishes, because it is also ordered by variousness. A special attention is paid to cooking by the people of the phalanstery; in their activity production of vegetables, and fruits, animal husbandry, poultry-farming, fish-breeding, stock of game and food processing as well has great importance. Fourier planned the share of preformed work not to individuals but to series. The distribution may be done according to three points —necessity, usefulness and the convenience of job. In the class of necessity Fourier put to the first place physicians and surgeons, hard labour workers, whom he paid best. The social position of physicians is completely different in the phalanstery as in that of civilization, because "they earn their income not according to the number of patients but to healthy people ." So it is their interest that people should remain healthy. 7 3 Compairing with the ancient Plato, the importance of medicine and public health significantly increased in the Utopian states, accordingly it developed from the exact to empiric tendency. Besides medical profession the most responsible is nursing and feeding of infants and youngest children, and in this issue there was an uniforme attitude in the Utopian literature. Calling in permanent medical supervision, nurses bring up children in series, formed by the temper and character of children and they help to develop moral and mental capacities of children making use 7 2 Madách op. cit. 677 p. 7 3 Bebel op. cit. 118 p.
