J. Antall szerk.: Medical history in Hungary 1972. Presented to the XXIII. International Congress of the History of Medicine / Orvostörténeti Közlemények – Supplementum 6. (Budapest, 1972)
M. Vida: State-Models (Utopias) and Sociology of Medicine
M. Vida : State-Mo dels (Utopias) . 33 of their life of instincts. Regarding naturalist education his view was similar to that of Rousseau, however he considered education as an active factor and rejected those educational principles, which are spontaneous and neglect purposeful educational interference. Significance of Fourier is, that he recognized that childhood has its own, proper features and one has to reckon with them during the organization of education. His concrete child-psychological observations almost exclusively give a list of children's external behaviourial marks. Inspite of that his statements are remarkable, especially considering that scientific study of childrenpsychology was at a very early stage in this time. Fourier's plan for establishing phalanstery was a failure during his lifetime and he was kept on record by cynists as "a lunatic of Palais Royal". At the same time English contemporary, Robert Owen (1771 — 1858) found followers not only after his death, but with the help of his fortune and realistic sense, just at dawn of a new century on the 1st of January 1800, he could open his community for working in New Lañarç, where he was able to put on trial the practical reality of his principles. He gave a complete new aspect to Utopia; practical soberness so far unusual, practical sense a great organizing capacity and the renewing purpose in spite of all failures for the realization of the propagated principales. The system of Owen was also trilled with a monomaniac messianistic fanatiscism, although the compelling force of business-minded atmosphere of ripe English capitalism, by the greater discipline of phantasy and among the fingers of practice Fourier's coat has fallen. Since the theoretical sutdies meant the smaller part of Owen's activity, which were connected to permanent practice and to organization and direction of the community in New Lañarç, therefore treating his theoretical work in the frame of this study is only possible at a limited extent. The development of his work fell on practical field, it should be worthwhile to deal with the fate of this and of the other experimental communities. 7 4^ Beside the numerous dissertations, pamphlets, and studies, he summerized his ideas in "The Social System" , written in 1820, in which the experiencies of twenty years had been collected. 7 4 This period of his lifetime meant the highest point of his theoretical and critical activity. Those written later on, were only repetition and amplification of his thoughts. Inspite of all his empirical inclinations he reached false conclusion, because confronting by division of labour he wanted "to reform" sociological system, when he set the principles of fulfilment of all needs against the abstract economical principles of moneymaking more sharply than ever in his previous experiments. 7 5 From the sociology 74 /„ More important sources used relating to Owen's life. — Life of Robert Owen1857-1858. (autobiography); Mückle, F.: Die Geschichte der sozialistischen Ideen im 19. Jahrhundert. Leipzig, 1909.; Simon, H.: Robert Owen. Sein Leben und seine Bedeutung für die Gegenwart. Jena. 1905.; Dolleans : Robert Owen. Paris, 1907.; Podmore, F.: Robert Owen. London. 1906. 7 4 Owen, R. : The Social System. New Harmony Gasette. 1826. 7 5 Dános-Kovács op. cit. 290 p. 3 Orvostörténeti Közlemények 6.
