Magyar László szerk.: Orvostörténeti Közlemények 174-177. (Budapest, 2001)

KÖZLEMÉNYEK — COMMUNICATIONS - Kapronczay Károly: A short history of the urology in Hungaiy. — (A magyarországi urológia rövid története.)

the Clinic of the O. T. B. A. In the 1930s he went to Berlin several times on professional instructional trips and spent a long time there, in Sándor Lichtenberg'

s institute. Lichtenberg was the physician whose pyelographical methods and view he introduced in Hungary when he returned. From 1943 to 1974 Noszkay was the head physician of the urological ward of the János Kórház (Saint John's Hospital), in 1947 he became a private-docent, and in 1956 he earned the degree of the Doctor of Medicine by reason of his dissertation entitled Szülészeti és nőgyógyászati sérülések (Obstetrical and Gynaecological Lesions). Actually the system of clinics and hospital wards in Hungary started to develop only in the 1950s when the establishment of the urological wards in the hospitals and the organisation of the consultations by specialists of urology in the clinics of the social insurance became "obligatory" not only in the capital and in the county towns but a certain number of the inhabitants of a town started to require the establishment of such sections. The great break-through in the training of the Hungarian physicians was when urology became a compulsory subject at the Hungarian medical universities with the obligation of a university examination. Among the pupils of Illyés, working in hospitals, Jenő Borza, the head physician of the Társadalombiztosítási Intézet Uzsoki Utcai Kórháza (Hospital of the Social Insurance, in Uzsoki Street) in Budapest, Jenő Dózsa, the urologists' head physician in the Apponyi Poliklinika (Apponyi Polyclinic), János Herman, the urologists' head physician in the hospital in Veszprém, Béla Mező, the urologists' head physician in the Szent István Kórház (Saint Stephen's Hospital) and Zsigmond Faragó, the urologists' head physician in the Zsidó Kórház (Jewish Hospital) stood pre-emmént. They were also private-docents of this professional field. 5. The education of urology in Hungary after the 2nd World War After Géza Illyés retired, the direction of the clinic in Budapest was taken over by Gyula Minder. He was succeeded by Antal Babies (1902—1992) who also played an important role in the public and political life of Hungary during his professional life. He took his degree as a physician in 1929 in Budapest, later studied in Berlin as a pupil of Lichtenberg and from 1936 to 1937 completed it with another scholarship in Warsaw. After returning to Hungary he worked in Géza Illyés's clinic from 1938 to 1940. From 1943 to 1945 he was the commissioned sub-director of the clinic. From 1943 to 1945 he worked as the head physician of the presidial urological ward of the Honvédkórház (Military Hospital) in Budapest. From 1945 he was the director of the clinic of urology in Budapest, a professor and several times a dean or the rector of the Medical University in Budapest. In 1949 he became a corresponding member and in 1950 an ordinary member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. From 1949 to 1967 he was the president of the Medical Department of this Academy. He was a member of several foreign societies and the president of several Hungarian medical and health, social and trade-union organisations. He was also the president of the Hungarian Urologists' Society for a long time. From 26th to 31st October 1956 he was the Minister of Health of the Imre Nagy Government but he denied it until the end of the 1980s though he actually never performed the duties of his ministerial office. He was engaged in the pathophysiology of the renal