Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 57-59. (Budapest, 1971)
TANULMÁNYOK - Antall József: A pesti orvosi iskola kialakulása és a centralisták egészségügyi politikája (angol nyelven)
on the initiative of Markusovszky they first organized equestrian meetings — which should not be attributed to our being an equestrian nation—and with scathing self-irony they called themselves "Faculté de medicine á cheval". On these equestrian excursions, away from the attentive ears, they discussed the political and medical questions, dreamt their dreams. It was then, in October 1850, that Semmelweis finally returned from Vienna and joined his old friends. But they found it hard to bear to be out of the medical profession. Lumniczer wrote to Korányi : "Of my instruments brought from Paris from Luer I use only the knife I cut my corn with". Later neoabsolutism, too, loosened the reins of oppression and they returned to the faculty of medicine in one way or other,, they won recognition. Balassa, Markusovszky and Korányi became the medical advisers of the great statesmen who lived in withdrawal form public life, including József Eötvös and Ágoston Trefort, the greatest politicians concerned with science-organization and education in Hungarian history, who each became Minister of Education after the Compromise. Although the neo-absolutist regime did not yield to the national demands even later, it did allow the reorganization of certain forms of intellectual life. 16 The Academy of Sciences and the Natural Science Association could function again, and in 1857 Markusovszky could start a medical journal, which has survived until now, the Orvosi Hetilap (Medical Weekly), Later, in 1803, he established the Medical Publishing House. The activity of Ignác Semmelweis in Hungary, his writings fall to the ssme period. He published his articles in the Orvosi Hetilap, and his open letters, together with his book, got to be known also at that time. Balassa and Lumniczer established modern surgery in Hungary and did pioneering work especially in the field of plastic und urologie surgery. Their circle exercised an ever-increasing influence, although they had some serious opponents as well. This was especially manifested when the neo-absolutist regime met its crisis in 1860/01, as an outcome of the war against the Italians and the French. Even the Minister of the Interior, Alexander Bach was dismissed by the sovereign. 17 The flames of patriotism flared up, as it is understandable after the long oppression. There were many who made use of the national upsurge, on the basis of their true or alleged injuries, in scientific life as well. A distinct group was formed of the opponents of Balassa, Markusovszky and Semmelweis, which included conservatives as well as the most radical representatives of the War of Independence, with the common aim of removing the alien professors of medicine. 18 The Czech János Czermák, the world-famous 18 Sőtér I. : Nemzet és haladás. Budapest, 1963. Lukács L. : Magyar függetlenségi és alkotmányos mozgalmak 1849—1867. Budapest, 1955. — Hajdú J. : Az osztrák Vallás- és Közoktatásügyi Minisztérium szervezetének kialakulása a Bach-korszakban. = Tanulmányok a magyar nevelés történetéből. Budapest, 1957. 7 — 22. 17 Szabad Gy. : Forradalom és kiegyezés válaszútján. Budapest, 1967. 18 Antall J. : Egy ismeretlen levél — Poor Imre szakítása Markusovszky Lajossal. = Comm. Hist. Artis Med. 50. (1969), 141 — 148. — Györy T. : Az Orvostudományi Kar története. Budapest, 1936.
