Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 57-59. (Budapest, 1971)
TANULMÁNYOK - Antall József: A pesti orvosi iskola kialakulása és a centralisták egészségügyi politikája (angol nyelven)
introducer of laryngoscopy, fell victim to this campaign, as he did not know Hungarian and had to leave the country in that atmosphere, to move to Leipzig. The circle of Balassa, to which he had been bound by personal friendship, did their best to retain him, but it was no avail against public opinion. Lumniczer was right in saying about Balassa — which was valid to all of them: "He was not one of those over-zealous, who would countenance the aberrations of pseudoscience to be smuggled in into the hall of science, be they coming under the banner of patriotism" . 19 Semmelweis did not live to see the Compromise of 1867; Balassa was still present at the birth of the constitutional order, at the establishment of the influential National Public Health Council; but after that only Markusovszky, Lumniczer and Korányi played a direct part in drafting the Public Health Law, in the creation of the system of modern higher medical education, in the establishment of the Medical Institutes and the second university (Kolozsvár), and its medical faculty in particular (1872). III. As we have said before, modern Hungary came into being in the decades of the fight for national independence and bourgeois transformation (18251890), during the Age of Reforms, the War of Independence, the period of neoabsolutism, which meant both subjugation and preparation, and finally the first part of the dualist period following the Compromise of 1867. The worries of Lajos Kossuth about the enormous concession made in 1867 in respect of national independence has proved justified, but the results in inner construction, the successes reached in the fields of education, public health, and scientific development, the narrowing of the gap between Hungary and the developed European countries, all justify the action of those who accepted the possibility of the compromise offered by history. In the wide current of the process of transformation a very considerable role was played by the "doctrinaires", as the "Centralist" group around József Eötvös, László Szalay, and Ágoston Trefort was called by their opponents. They demanded the reform of the obsolete county organization, central parliamentary administration, and a modern state apparatus. Their political program in more than one question set them against both Kossuth and Ferenc Deák, leading the main forces of the policy of reforms. Even if they sometimes made mistakes in questions of tactics, for the planning of the model of the modern bourgeois state, and for the formulation of the legal and constitutional system of 1848 and 1867 respectively we are mainly indebted to them. The centralists unquestionably represented the most conscious, theoretically and politically best trained faction of Hungarian liberalism. It was not by accid19 Lumniczer S. : Emlékbeszéd Balassa János felett. Pest, 1872. 17.
