Antall József szerk.: Orvostörténeti közlemények 51-53. (Budapest, 1969)

TANULMÁNYOK - Antall József: A modern felsőoktatási rendszer kialakulása Magyarországon (1848—1890) (angol nyelven)

Summarizing what we have said we come to the conclusion that the independent Hungarian government which came to power with the revolution of 1848 laid the foundations of liberal public education, terminated the foreign patronage and set ont to liquidate provincialism—mainly based on the educational program of the minister of education, József Eötvös. Unfortunately this process was wrecked by the life-and-death struggle for national independence and the ensuing defeat. The educational policy of the age of neoabsolutism is a complex problem : it started modernization and laid down the organizational foundations of modern public education on the model of foreign institutions, rooted in foreign soil. After the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 18G7 came the second ministry of Eötvös, which was followed by the age of Trefort and Markusovszky. That period (1867—1890) established modern public education in Hungary, even if through compromises, by reconciling the inner Hungarian development with the Austrian basis. The standards of education and the disciplines represented at the universities and high schools show a definite progress during the last period. The educationalorganizational reforms had their share in it, but the outstanding scientists and scholars, the school-creating professors can claim a major part in the progress. Loránd Eötvös, Károly Than, Béla Lengyel, József Szabó, Tivadar Margó on the faculty of arts, Frigyes Korányi, József Fodor, Endre Hőgyes on the faculty of medicine, Gyula König, Vince Wartha, Imre Steindl, Alajos Hauszmann at the Technical University—and the list of these excellent experts could be continued. Schools were born in the various sciences in the Age of Reforms: for instance Balassa and his group (Markusovszky, Semmelweis, Lumniczer, etc.) established the medical school of Pest between the 1840s and 1860s and their followers established schools in the individual branches of medical science on the basis laid down by the masters. Thus the era became the age of the birth of modern higher education in Hungary when scientific life cought up with the standards of the other European countries. Without this period the results of today could be only the hopes of tomorrow. WORKS CONSULTED AND QUOTED FROM A Királyi Magyar Pázmány Péter Tudományegyetem története. Vol. I —IV. Budapest. 1935 — 1938. A. Tóth—J. Antall: A magyarországi felsőoktatás a reformkorban és 1848 —49-ben. Felsőoktatási Szemle. 1968. pp. 415 — 423. J. Hajdú: Eötvös József báró első minisztersége. Budapest, 1933. J. Hajdú : Felsőbb oktatásügy és tömegnevelés. (Magyar művelődéstörténet V.) /. Hajdú : Az osztrák Vallás- és Közoktatásügyi Minisztérium szervezetének kialakulása a Bach-korszakban. Tanulmányok a magyar nevelés történetéből. Budapest, 1957. pp. 7 — 22. J. Antall—A. Ladányi: A magyarországi felsőoktatás az abszolutizmus és a dualizmus korában. Felsőoktatási Szemle. 1968. pp. 536 — 546. /. Antall: Eötvös József Politikai Hetilapja és a kiegyezés előkészítése. 1865—66. Századok. 1965. pp. 1099-1130.