Palla Ákos szerk.: Az Országos Orvostörténeti Könyvtár közleményei 30. (Budapest, 1964)
Dr. T. Tóth: The Principal Questions of Anthropological Taxonomy
Levin, 1955). In conclusion the study of the differentiation of the majority of the facial muscles shows no differences, or at least no essential ones, among the representatives of the various human races. d ) On the basis of other comparative anatomical and morpnological observations it may be asserted that there is complete agreement in case of the curvature of the spinal column, opposability of the fingers in the structure of the hands and feet, the relative measure of the fingers (3 > 4 > 2 > 5 > 1 or 3 > 2 > 4 > 5 > 1) and the toes (I > 2 > 3 > 4 > 5 or 2 > 1 > 3 > 4 > 5), the lower measurements of the praesacralis vertebrae and in the intermembranous indices (Chinese: 71.1; Negroes: 70.3; and Europeans: 70.5); in case of the data of the cranial capacity and of the variability of stature, the topographical frequency of the distribution of sweat glands (forehead, palms, soles) see references in Comas, 1951; Morant, 1951; Roginskij—Levin, 1955; and Nyesturh, 1958b, 1960a. e) The results of psychotechnical examinations (Knox—Moron, Knox Cube Imitation, Form Substitution, Army Alpha and Army Mental Tests) may become realistic only if the social environment (advanced or underdeveloped) and social origin are considered as essential determinants. At the same time several such examinations completely proved, for instance, the total mental equality of Europoid and Negroid races. The intelligence quotient of Negroes living in the industrially developed northern U. S. is much higher than that of Whites living in the agricultural south among less advanced social relations. The variation of the differences of intelligence is characteristic of each race, biophysical damages may equally occur among all human races but prophylactically can be reduced localized or even abolished by large-scale institutionalized measures encompassing the whole of society. Only the social factor has a decisive and determining role in the development of intelligence (Morant, 1951; Roginskij, 1938). f) The most characteristic feature of the evolutionary process of mankind is social development, since the beginning of the Upper Paleolithic when the formation of Homo sapiens became completed. Therefore the inte!le:tual equality of humanity may 12 Orvostörténeti közi. 177
