Palla Ákos szerk.: Az Országos Orvostörténeti Könyvtár közleményei 30. (Budapest, 1964)

Dr. T. Tóth: The Principal Questions of Anthropological Taxonomy

not be mistaken for the social differences developing during the last centuries of human history which can be perfectly overcome by sufficient measures based on the laws of social development. Therefore in the analytical studies of the intelligence quotienst of the human races (Leiris, 1951; Little, 1952; Roginskij, 1941, 1947, 1949, 1951, 1955 with; Nyesturh, 1958b, 1960a) we may not ignore Levin; the results of archaeology, ethnography and linguistics regarding social history. g) And the undeniable important taxonomical differences of the groups of characteristics of the human races are not significant in the study of equality, but at the same time I point out that the area of characteristics of various races sevaral times changed because of social factors since the members of different races in various-sized groups left their original place of habitation for economic reasons. Thus geographical isolation changes or may be altered by a social factor. On the basis of laws valid for the whole society the representatives of Europoid, Mongoloid and Negroid races are equally capable of surviving in all parts of the world. This fact alone proves that it is social development which brought about the loss of the primary taxonomic significance of the adaptability of certain racial characteristics. This is why we may not equate the zoological and anthropological concepts of race or mix the roles of biological and social laws in explaining the various problems. Such a substitution may be caused by faulty methodology which in consideration of the present stage of scientific development is to be condemned. The realization of such fallacies is necessary to recognize the fact that ethnic groups (peoples, nations) may not ever be mistaken for races (Comas, 1951; Debetz, 1938; Dunn, 1951; Gremjack'j, 1938; Leiris, 1951; Little 1952; Nyeszturh 1958a, b; Roginskij, 1941, 1947, 1951, 1955 with Levin; Oshanin, 1937, 1957—59a, b, c; Vallois, 1951). * I hope that this brief paper succeeded in pointing out that not only is the employment of specialized scientific results important in treating the fundamental questions of anthropological taxonomy