Palla Ákos szerk.: Az Országos Orvostörténeti Könyvtár közleményei 30. (Budapest, 1964)

Dr. T. Tóth: The Principal Questions of Anthropological Taxonomy

archaeology, history) in the theme of this study. Their results are based on facts, existing independently since the rise of mankind and these results concern the recognition of their causal role. On this basis we may state that a) in the analysis of the biological unity of mankind certain secondary morphological or pigmentary features or complexes of characteristics which otherwise may have an undoubtable systematical significance for anthropology must not be considered, but these general biological, anatomical characteristics arising during evolution and uniformi characterizing all of mankind (Nyesturh, 1958b, 1960a; Roginskij-Levin, 1955). b) the analysis of the structural variability of the cortex of the brain does not show any essential difference among the human races both in connection with the correlation of sulcatio-gyrificatio and the size, structure and extensiveness of the various formations of the brain, especially of the frontal, temporal and parietal lobes. (Sarkisov, 1957; Sevcsenko, 1956, 1959). c) The study of facial musculature did not provide any data about essential differences among the human races; thus for instance in a study of the occurrence of musculus mentalis transversa forming an independent part of musculius triangularis oris, Europoids may be placed between the Negroes and Hottentots. At the same time it must be noted that the proportion of the occurrence of musculus mentalis transversus among the Negroes, Europoids and Hottentots is 76%, 78% and 82% respectively, which may be regarded as equal. In addition to this the developedness of the m. risorius Santorini of the Europoids may be placed partly between the Herreros and Negroes and partly between the Chinese and Japanese, while at the same time all these taken together (including the Europoids) significantly lag behind the Malayans, Tierra del Fuegans and New Caledonians. Among the Oceanic races and Negroes the m. caninus is more developed than among the Europoids. In comparison to the Europoids the same also holds true for the m. obricularis oculi and the m. nasalis among Mongoloids and Negroids. This may be also stated about the differences in the developedness of the m. zygomaticus and the m. quadratus labii superioris of the various races (Gremjackij, 1938; Roginskij —