Technikatörténeti szemle 11. (1979)

TANULMÁNYOK - Korek József: A magyar technikai múzeum kezdete, a Magyar Nemzeti Múzeum Kézműtárának rekonstrukciója az egykori sajtó tükrében

53. Mütani Osztály számára özv. Sztárok Tomcsányi Franciska egy villany- gyújtó gépet ajándékozott.

Sürgöny 1861. I.

54. Czirke Lóránt szt. ferencrendi áldozár egy növény aljából mesterileg fonott barátkordét;

Marhon László urasági huszár vizahólyagból készült alakot ajándékoztak.

Sürgöny 1861. I.

55. Duka Tivadar Indiából több ottani ethnológiai tárgyat,

néhai Brunswick gr.nő hagyományilag Schwab Vilmos müasztalos által készitett faminta-oszlopot,

Simsics János ügyvéd egy astrolabiumot,

egy ismeretlen Londonból, több a tavalyi nagy tűzvész által összeolvadt arcképeket ajándékozott.

Sürgöny 1866. I. 20.

JÓZSEF KOREK:

The beginnings of the Hungarian Technical Museum, the reconstruction of the handicraft collection of the Hungarian National Museum,

as the press saw it.

The aim is clear: the development of the Hungarian handi-craft and manufac- tural industry in the time of the early capitalism, which — following the British and French examples — revives the industrial arts, the industrialization and the education of crafts-people. The collection will be set up in the framework of the creations of Nature, under the name Handi-craft Collection. The proposition appeals to patriotic generosity for the enrichment of the Collection, but feels it necessary to create a purchase funding as well.

The first acquisition got to the Museum in 1808. In the year 1809 a new collection method was found when György Mahl, a mechanician of Pest uttered his willingness to present his collection of mechanical items to the Museum, on the condition that he receives a job in the Naturalist Division. The first Guard of the natural collection was Lajos Techel medical doctor. The name of the collection was Producta Technologica in 1810. From 1811 its Hungarian name is „Kézműtár” (Handicraft collection). On 26th October, 1814 three sovereigns, Francis from Austria—Hungary, Alexander from Russia and William from Prussia visited the National Museum and its handicraft collection too. In 1816 Antal Tehel Guard of the Collection illuminated with the facade of the Museum building, following English examples. In order to publish the material relating to Hungarian technical history and industry István Kess, the Inspector of the royal factories, brought together a large collection in Vienna. He collected subscribers in 1818 and the Catalogue of the collection was published in eight volumes in German language. István Kess presented his collection to the National Museum in 1822, however the Hungarian text written by József Márton could not be published due to the lack of subscribers.

On the programme of the meeting of the Parliament in 1827 there figured the protection of the home industry, and based on the 9th October, 1827 decree of the Council of Governors — the sending of one exemplar of each machine model to the Museum. This is the first decree about copyright copies in the world in the sphere of technology. The decree was elevated to the status of law and came into force by the 35th law of the House of Parliaments. It was the purpose of serving the Hungarian technological progress that was exemplified by the testament of József Bruder. The testament in 1831 provided fellowships for travelling abroad for two emi29