Hausner Gábor - Kincses Katalin Mária - Veszprémy László szerk.: A Hadtörténeti Múzeum Értesítője = Acta Musei Militaris in Hungaria. 5. (Budapest, 2002)

TANULMÁNYOK - HERMANN RÓBERT: Schweidel József aradi vértanú élete és utolsó írásai

THE LIFE AND LATE WRITINGS OF JÓZSEF SCHWEIDEL, MARTYR OF ARAD The lawsuit records and journal entries of the generals executed in Arad on 6 October 1849, as well as their letters sent from the prison, were published by Tamás Katona in 1979. In the last decades, however, several letters and writings were newly found in the estates of the martyrs of Arad. One of these, the declaration and will of Major General József Schweidel, dated 5 October 1849, is preserved by the Manuscript Archive of the Military History Museum. József Schweidel was born in Zombor, Bács county, on 18 May 1796. After his graduation at the grammar school, he joined the Imperial Royal Army, fought in the Napoleonic Wars, and served in the same regiment as Count István Széchenyi. He married a Polish woman during his service in Galicia. In 1831, he participated in the disarming of the Polish rebels, who had escaped to Austrian territory. He was raised to Austrian nobility in 1848, when he served as Major in the 4

th (Alexander) Hussar Regiment. It was him who led the regiment home in August 1848, and stationed in the Drava-line with his unit. He took part in the battle of Pákozd on 29 September, after the Croatian attack. He was appointed to Colonel and the commander of the regiment on 16 October 1848. He fought in the battle of Schwechat of 30 October as the commander of a brigade. On 1 November he was promoted to Major General and he was the commander of a division in the Upper Danube Corps, as well. In the middle of December, immediately after the attack of the Imperial Royal Army's main body, due to his exanthema he was granted sick leave, which he had prolonged several times. He was the commander of the garrison in Pest (from May 1849), then in Szeged (from July) and finally in Arad (from the beginning of August). He fell into Russian captivity on 13 August 1849 on the occasion of the capitulation at Világos, and then he and his comrades were handed over to the Austrians. The Imperial Royal Military Tribunal sentenced him to death, but instead of hanging, he was executed by shooting, as he had not seen military service from the end of December. His diary written in the prison is the most important source regarding the last weeks of the martyrs of Arad. The documents published here provide a more precise picture of Schweidel's family relations, financial situation and the responsibility he felt for the fate of his family. DAS LEBEN UND LETZTE SCHRIFTEN VON JÓZSEF SCHWEIDEL, DEM ARADER „MÄRTYRER" Das Prozessmaterial, die Tagebuchsaufzeichnungen und die vom Gefängnis geschriebenen Briefe der in Arad am 6. Oktober 1849 hingerichteten Generäle wurden 1979 von Tamás Katona publiziert. In den letzten Jahrzehnten tauchten aber reichliche Briefe und Schriften aus den Nachlässen von Arader Märtyrern auf. Von diesen Matériáién aufbewahrt die Handschriftensammlung des Heeresgeschichtlichen Museums das Manifest und Testament des Generalmajors, József Schweidel, geschrieben am 5. Oktober 1849. József Schweidel ist am 18. Mai 1796 in Zombor, in Comitat Bács geboren. Nach seinen Gymnasiumsstudien rückte er in das k. k. Armee ein, kämpfte in den napoleonischen Kriegen und diente im gleichen Regiment mit dem Grafen István Széchenyi. Er heiratete während seiner Dienst in Galizien, seine Frau stammte aus Poland. Er nahm 1831 an der Entwaffnung polnischen Aufständischen teil, die auf österreichische Gebiet flüchteten. Er bekam den österreichischen Adelstitel 1848, in dieser Zeit diente er bei dem Husarenregiment No. 4. (Sándor). Im August 1848 führte er seinen Regiment nach Hause, und stationierte mit seiner Truppeneinheit bei der Linie der Drau. Nach dem kroatischen Angriff nahm er an der Schlacht bei Pákozd am 29. September teil. Ab 16. Oktober wurde er Oberst, der Kommandant des Regimenten. Als Kommandant einer Brigade kämpfte er in der Schlacht bei Schwechat am 30. Oktober. Am