Budapest Régiségei 36. (2002) – In memoriam Rózsa Kalicz-Schreiber (1929-2001)

Endrődi Anna: New data on the late copper age and early bronze age settlement history of Budapest – Csepel Island = Újabb adatok Budapest Csepel-sziget késő rézkori és kora bronzkori településtörténetéhez 115-129

NEW DATA ON THE LATE COPPER AGE AND EARLY BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENT HISTORY OF BUDAPEST - CSEPEL ISLAND impressed ribs. Their parallels can be found, among others, in the material from the site Budapest Andor street.

25 E Gyulai identified the chaffy grain of Hordeum vulgare (barley), the naked grain of Triticum turgidum subsp. Dicoccum (emmer), the naked grain of Triticum aestivum subsp. Compactum (dwarf wheat) and grain fragments of Cerealia (cereals) during the archaeobotanical analysis of the soil samples from the oven.

26 An earlier paper already dealt with the typology of gynaecomorphic vessels,

27 so only the f ollowings will be emphasised in the present publication. An analogy of the gynaecomorphic vessels is known from the Cotofeni Culture as well in the form of a shred with pine branch ornament.

28 According to E. Neustupny it is a typical find of the later phase B of the Baden Culture.

29 In the opinion of Y N. Pavúková, anthropomorphic vessels are frequent in the older phase of the classical Baden Culture, then she states that the vessel from Felsőzsolca is younger but the ceramic type can no longer be found in the younger classical (Baden phase III) Baden Culture.

30 The amphora-shaped vessels with protruding knob ornaments unearthed at Kajdacs,

31 Andor street

32 and Csepel-Vízmű sites are younger, they represent the classical phase of the Baden Culture. The gynaecomorphic vessels and their fragments from the classical phase of the Baden Culture can be interpreted as a type variant of the anthropormorphic (gynaecomorphic) vessels of the previous period, a derivation that has lost its religious function. In the case of the Csepel-Vízmű site, the fact that they were broken and built into the structure of the oven justifies this theory. Feature no. 96 unearthed in 1999 contained ceramics with typological characteristics different from the above mentioned ones. The diameter of the pit was 210 cm, its depth was 56 cm. It was oval, deepens toward the centre and contained large stones in the upper third of the fills. Finds: Fragments of a brown, spotted cup, with a bipartite disc-handle (Fig. 3. 1). Rim and channelled body fragments of reddishbrown, spotted, thick-walled storage jars (Fig. 3. 2-3), wall fragment of a reddish brown storage jar ornamented by notches and a triple, segmented, applied rib (Fig. 3. 4). Fragments of a brown, polished conical bowl ornamented by rows of impressed dots (Fig. 3. 5). Daub lumps and animal bones were also uncovered in the dark brown filling. 25 ENDRŐDI 1997. Fig 13. 4-6, Fig 16.1-6, Fig 23. 1, 5. 26 ENDRÔDI-GYULAI 1998-2000. 29-33; GYULAI 2001. 27 ENDRÓDI-GYULAI 1998-2000. 24-27. 28 ROMAN 1976. 30-31, Fig 51. 10. 29 NEUSTUPNY 1973. 321. 30 PAVÚKOVÁ 1974. 352. 31 BANNER 1956. Fig 20. 26. 32

ENDRODI1997. Fig 31. 6. The analogies of the cup with disc-shaped bipartite handle can be found among the finds of the Ozd-Piliny group

33 (Ozd-Kőaljatető

34

), while the partition between the two "buttons" resembles the handle forms of the Viss group,

35 which cannot be observed on the similar disc-handled vessel fragments of the Ózd site and the Polgár

36 site beyond the Tisza. The conical, angular bowl shape is characteristic of the form variety of the late phase of the Baden Culture, a similar one is known among the finds of the Center cemetery.

37 The notched ornament is a forerunner of the ornamental motif of the Kosztolác Culture. It can be said that this find assemblage represents the late phase of the Baden Culture, which directly precedes the Kosztolác Culture. The appearance of the disc-handled cup in the find material of the Budapest, Csepel-Vízmű site evidences, in our view, the existence of contacts between Budapest, the north-eastern territories of Hungary and the south-western part of Slovakia. The study of the legacy of the early Bronze Age Bell Beaker-Csepel group is associated with Rózsa Schreiber in the territory of the Capital. The sites along the Soroksár branch of the Danube in the Csepel Island within the legal boundary of Budapest are the following ones: Csepel- Hollandi road

38 - settlement protion (Fig. 1, site 11), Damjanich J. road - urn grave

39 (Fig. 1, site 14), and also Szigetszentmiklós-Üdülősor 3 km from the former sites and the boundary of Budapest - settlement and graves

40 (Fig. 1, site 17). The sites along the main branch of the Danube are: Csepel-Háros Danube bank

41 - settlement portion and graves (Fig. 1, site 9), Cement factory

42 - cemetery and settlement traces (Fig. 1, site 8), Rákóczi F road

43 inhumation grave with a crouched skeleton (Fig. 1, site 8) and Csepel-Vízmű

44 - settlement traces and graves (Fig. 1, site 7). In 1999, seven urn graves, one inhumation grave with a crouched skeleton, a symbolic grave and an other grave with scattered ashes have been unearthed in the area of Szigetszentmiklós-vízmű (Soroksár Danube bank), an urn grave, an inhumation grave with a crouched skeleton and a symbolic grave were unearthed at the site Budapest, Csepel - II. Rákóczi F. ^PATAY 1999. 45-56. 34 BANNER 1956. Fig 63. 21; Fig 70. 7,11. 35 BANNER 1956. Fig 80. 6,10. 36 BANNER 1956. Fig 83.1, 8. 37 KALICZ 1963. Fig 6. 5. ^Excavations by R Schreiber 1960-1961, 1973. w Excavations by L. Nagy I960, BTM A: 1054-79. 40 ENDRÔDI 1992. 83-201. 41 Rescue excavations by R. Schreiber 1960-1961, BTM A: 541-77. 42 Excavation by Á. Cs. Soós 1957, R. Schreiber and L. Nagy 1959, MNM A: 221/1961. 43 Rescue excavation by R. Schreiber 1961. 44 Excavations by T. NAGY 1956, and R. SCHREIBER 1974. 117