Budapest Régiségei 14. (1945)

ÉRTESÍTŐ - Kutzián Ida: A pesterzsébeti urnatemető 509-523

The urns were covered afterwards with bowls turned downwards. (PI. 4, fig. 3. — PI. 9, fig. 4, 10.) On the SE side, there was an unadorned mug (PI. 4, fig. 7. -— PI. 10, fig. 10.) and to the K. a siispensible vessel with lime incrustation. In the latter, burnt bronze nails and fragments were found. Diagonally to the mugs (on the NW side) lay a small bronze dagger blade (PI. 4, fig. 9. — PI. 5, fig. 1.) in the middle height of the covering dish belonging to the bigger urn (PI. 4, fig. 3.) To the find-material of this grave belonged further a perforated whetstone. (PI. 4, fig. 10. — PI. 5. fig. 2.). The biggish urn (PI. 6, fig. 1. — PL 7, fig. 4.) of grave VI (PI. 6.) was covered with a smaller bowl without a handle (Pi. 6, fig. 3. —• Pi. 9, fig. 11.) the direction of its opening was the same as that of the urn. Then a very big covering bowl (PI. 6, fig. 2. — PI. 9, fig. 1.) was placed on the urn with its mouth turned downwards. In the urn, calcined bones were found, near to the urn, crumb-like lumps which turned to malachite came to light. The latter seem to prove the former existence of bronze. The pottery found in the graves can be divided into urns, bowl and mugs. The urns again show two chief types. Both the urns with a pressed globular belly and rather embossed shoulder (Pi. 7, fig. 2—3.) and those whose body is double cone shaped (PI. 7, fig. 1.) appeared already in the Kisapostag-group, but they were surviving in the Vatya group too. The former shape became general only in the Vatya group and prevailed in the cemeteries belonging hither. The urns held the burnt ashes and part of the grave furniture. The bowls (PL 9.) possess curved necks and they end in more or less projecting rims. The necks are overbridged by two or three bandlike handles placed in symmetrical distances from each other. We can only say certainly of one bowl, that it originally had only one handle (PL 9, fig. 3.) with a slightly angular curve at the upper starting point. This bowl is less curved at the neck and shoulder, the neck is more funnelshaped and thus it differs from the bowls belonging to the Pestszenterzsébet urngraves. Besides these, a bowl without a handle was also found at this place of discovery (PL 9, fig. 11.). The bowls were used at the Pestszenterzsébet urn-cemetery for overlaying and covering. They generally represent the second period of the Bronze Age (Tószeg B I

—II.) but of course we must consider the survival of types belonging to the I. period, all the more, because this bowl-type is present in the find-material of the Kisapostag group too. The third pottery group consists of smaller mugs. (PL 10.) The commonest is the generally unadorned mug with one handle, its centre of gravity is near to the bottom part (PL 10, fig. 1—5.) We have already found these among the finds belonging to the Kisapostag group. These small vessels appear in the urn (PL I, fig. 4.) or immediately beside the urn on the SW. or SB side. (PL 3, fig. 3. — PL 4, fig. 7.) A small adorned mug which differs from the above mentioned in its shape, was put at the southern side. (PL 2, fig. 5.— PL 10, fig. 7.). Its shape and ornament point to the pottery belonging to the culture of

. bell-shaped vessels, which also appears in Hungary. Further researches must answer the question, how the relics of two cultures so far from one another in time could get into the same closed find? At the SF

r side, next to the above mentioned unadorned mug with one handle, (PL 4, fig. 7.) was discovered the so called suspensible vessel (PL 4, fig. 8. — PL 10, fig. 10.) known equally from the Kisapostag group and the Vatya one. So we can state, that the urn graves found in Perczel Mór-street can be considered as belonging to the Vatya group. It is not unprecedented, that finds which we know from other cultures and culture groups respectively also appear in this find material, for we find the same in the other cemeteries of the Vatya group which did not develop independently. Now we mention those Pestszenterzsébet 522