Budapest Régiségei 14. (1945)

ÉRTESÍTŐ - Kutzián Ida: A pesterzsébeti urnatemető 509-523

pottery finds, which bear the marks of foreign culture groups. The mug with one handle and globular bottom (PI. 10, fig. 4.) displays a close connection with the Kisapostag group. The same influence manifests itself in the incised ornament imitating the impression of a stick, around which a cord is twisted, which runs around the neck part of a mug belonging to the Kisapostag forms. Another strongly profiled mug with one handle and a low centre of gravity shows the influence of the Aunjetitz culture. (PI. 10, fig. 6.). The fourth vessel (Pi. 10, fig. 8.) is a typical representative of the incrusted ware of the southern trans-Danubian district. These finds from Perczel Mór-street came together with several coarsely worked fragments (we can distinguish pieces belonging to a profiled bowl and an urn of large size) into the Hungarian National Museum. The triangular dagger is characteristic of the second period of the Bronze Age, but this of course only helps us to draw a limit as to the earliest period of the cemetery. The burial rites of the urn graves in Perczel Mór-street correspond to those we learned to know in the urn-cemeteries of the Vatya type. The Kisapostag group already knew the custom of urn burial combined with cremation and the representatives of the Vatya group took over this kind of burial. The burial rites in the Pestszenterzsébet urncemeteries agree even in their details with those of the urn-cemeteries of Vatya type. The burnt ashes were placed inside the urns, on these, often a mug with one handle was put and then the urn was covered. Generally a smaller bowl with its mouth turned upwards was placed into the mouth or neck part of the urn, then the mouth and neck of the urn were covered with a bigger bowl whose opening was turned downward. Outside the urn were with a few exceptions- on the SW or SB side the smaller vessels, the mugs with one handle or the suspensible vessels, which contained the bronze jewels. The jewels were sometimes inside the urn, over the ashes. Weapons appear seldom and they are not inside the vessels, but lie beside the urn. In the same position we find perforated whetstones. So on the basis of the rite and the characteristics of the pottery, we can consider these graves as belonging to the Vatya group. This fact settles the chronological question and the age of the graves found in Perczel Mór-street (II. Bronze Age period [Tószeg B I

—II

]) while the upper limit is shifting over into the III. Bronze Age period (Tószeg B. II—C). ILLUSTRATIONvS. Fig. 1. — The urn-grave No. II. of Pestszenterzsébet. Fig. 2. •—• The urn-grave No. III. of Pestszenet'zsebet. Fig. 3. — The urn-grave No. IV. of Pestszenterzsébet. Fig. 4. — The urn-grave No. V. of Pestszenterzsébet. Fig. 5. — Bronze dagger-blade from urn-grave No. V.

—2. Whetstone from urn-grave No. V. 1—2. Pestszenterzsébet. Fig. 6. — The urn-grave No. VI. of Pestszenterzsébet. Fig. 7. — Urns from the urn-cemetery of Pestszenterzsébet. 1—3. Hungarian National Museum. 4. Archeological Institute of Budapest. Fig. 8.— 7—2. Urns from the urn-cemetery of Pesiszenter

zsebet. Hungarian National Museum. Fig. 9. — 7—7 7. Bowls from the urn-cemetery of Pestszenterzsébet. 7, 7 7. Archaelogical Institute of Budapest. 2—10. Hungarian National Museum. Fig. 10.— 1 —10. Mugs from the urn cemetery of Pestszenterzsébet. 1—10. Hungarian National Museum. 523