Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 109. kötet (2013)
Tanulmányok - Kelemen Ivett: Pluratívák morfoszemantikai vizsgálata az északi lappban (The morphosemantics of pluratives in Northern Sami) 171
KELEMEN IVETT Pluratívák morfoszemantikai vizsgálata az északi lappban1 The purpose of this study is the analysis of the raorfoseraantic aspects of the plurativa (~ plurale tantum) in the Northern Saami. There are 4 morfosemantic groups of Northern Saami plurativas: absolute plurativa, potential plurativa, optional plurativa and correlative plurativa. The term absolute plurativa refers to a plural form that does not have singular declension. Words like this constitute the class of pluralia tantum in the classic sense. E.g. áibmoglásat ’sunglasses’; beas'sázat ’Easter’; heajat ’wedding’; vuoigijasat ’brain’. The group of partial plurativas contains lexemes that have both plural and singular declension paradigms, but the plural and singular forms are somewhat different in meaning. In the case of this type of words, no unambiguous information is available about grammatical number. That is, the wordjor'ri means ’wheel’, while jor'rit may mean ’wheels’, ’a vehicle’, or ’more vehicles’. Potential plurativas are nouns that have both singular and plural forms, but the latter is a collective noun, the individual parts of which are not referred to, i.e. the parts are named with the singular/plural forms of the same words: gáma ’shoe’ ~ gápmagat ’shoes’, ’a pair of shoes’, ’more pairs of shoes’, ’a lot of shoes’. Correlative plurativas are specific to the Sami language, having been created with the -s correlative suffix meaning ’group of people’: guoibmi ’friend’ > gidmes ’fellows, comrades, companions’ > gidmmezat ’fellows, comrades, companions’. The existence of these groups shows that the prototype theory used in cognitive linguistics is applicable for the specification of plurativas as well, given that the notion of the PLURATIVA is also organized around prototypes. The prototype (i.e. the most typical member of the group) in our case is the group of absolute plurativas (words that are in fact only used in the plural), and the “less central” members (partial, optional and potential plurativas) gradually move away from this prototype. The prototype (i.e. the absolute plurativa) stands at one end-point of the scale thus created, while the other end-point is the class of words with a complete declension paradigm. Keywords: plurativa, plurale tantum, morfosemantics, Northern Saami. 1 A publikáció elkészítését a TÁMOP-4.2.2/B-10/1-2010-0024 számú projekt támogatta. A projekt az Európai Unió támogatásával, az Európai Szociális Alap társfinanszírozásával valósult meg. Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 109. 171-186.
