Nyelvtudományi Közlemények 84. kötet (1982)

Tanulmányok - Szende Tamás: Többértelműség és célzás [On Semantic Polyvalence, Ambiguity, and Hinting] 203

220 SZENDE TAMÁS (iii) Interprétations of one and the same speech event e% may be différent for différent communicators participating in the same communicative situation SÍ which means that a in question may be unambiguous for the speaker whereas the same a may be ambiguous for the hearer in SÍ. (iv) In everyday usage no significant grammatical features for ambiguity are observable, i.e. e's with elliptic structures or with polyvalent semantic constituents may be unambiguous for all the communicators in an s to the extent that one of the pragmatic operators ka, kb, . . ., kn unanimously clears up the state-of-affairs x% transformed intő eí though the latter — as a whole — is semantically polyvalent. Further on various types of ambiguity, such as the de re—de dicto ambiguity and several cases of opacity, the latter in the sensé as defined m COLE (1978) etc. are discussed. Hint is a case of communicative stratégies of a communicative situation si where ambiguity of a speech event ei is deliberately applied by the speaker. By hint it is intended to convey a hidden communicative content. So, hint represents a type of non-overt communicative content, i.e. an indirectly conveyed message embedded in ei without being structured as xi in the case of the one-to-one correspondence of et *- x%. Hint as a communicative device occurring in everyday usage is defined, then, as a stratégie variant of 'overgeneralization' in the sensé that by hinting extensionally wider semantic entities are used for x% covering a set x' where x' = {xa, xb, . . ., xm)

and where xa

~

xb, . . ., ~ Xm is made directly accessible together with xi in the inteptretation of ei. According to what kinds of content are embedded and conveyed in a hint, two universel types are mentioned, i.e. the referential and the attributive ones.