Társadalomtörténeti múdszerek és forrástípusok. Salgótarján, 1986. szeptember 28-30. - Rendi társadalom, polgári társadalom 1. - Adatok, források és tanulmányok a Nógrád Megyei Levéltárból 15. (Salgótarján, 1987)
Angol nyelvi összefoglalók (English Summaries)
peasant and residents of oppida (country towns) 85 % Burghers of cities 10 % gentlemen, priests and teachers 5 % The uniformness of a class of peasants was just as far from the truth as the principle of uniformity of the gentry class. Between the different categories of peasants there were as sharp differences as between different groups of gentlemen. The commercial production of Hungary took place almost exclusively on the holdings of the well-to-do peasantry (yeomanry). The bulk of the merchant class was recruited from among them. A part of this yeomanry had risen in the ranks of the priviliged classes already before 1848, another took the road of capitalist commercial production. However, the small and middling peasants have arrived into the capitalist conditions without land or capital, and that determined their inability to develop. IV. THE BASE ANO IDEOLOGY THE BOURGEOIS SOCIETY — CAPITALIST STRATA, GENTRY JUDIT TÚVÁRI : The Formation of the Civil Society and the Local Political Life in Hungary between 1872 and 1917 The Hungarian society went through the profound transformation during the second part of the nineteenth century. The rise of the civil society took place in Hungary in this era. Ms. Tóvári exhaustively studies and compares this process in Miskolc, Debrecen, and Nyíregyháza. Her main concerns are as follows: 1. When did the feudal landowners lose, or lose at all, their privileges in the local and regional political life and whether they still occupied the leading positions of the local and regional administrations in the new era? How did the process of the capitalization in the hitherto feudal large estates take place , to what extent was this proces successful regarding the development of the capitalist agriculture? 2. How did the new bourgeoisie substitue for the feudal states in ist traditional political and administrative positions and create the institutional system of the civil society? 3. To what extent were the feudal states and the new bourgeoisie amalgamated with each other in the course of the formation of the civil society? 4. What was the general characteristics of the urban policy of the new bourgeoisie in Hungary? In order to answer these questions, Ms. Tóvári investigated the social stratification of the landowners, the intelligentsia the leaders of the stock companies as well as the trade and industry in Miskolc. As far as the landowners and the landed properties are concerned, she confined herself to trace the change of the hitherto feudal large estates in their functions and how the relatively weak bourgeoisie began to come in to possession of the landed properties and to bring about the capitalization in the agricultural sector from the 1870's. At the same time, the drowing role of the bourgeoisie in the economic life resulted that they were step by step accepted by the gentry as co-partners in the political and administrative institutions.
