Társadalomtörténeti múdszerek és forrástípusok. Salgótarján, 1986. szeptember 28-30. - Rendi társadalom, polgári társadalom 1. - Adatok, források és tanulmányok a Nógrád Megyei Levéltárból 15. (Salgótarján, 1987)
Angol nyelvi összefoglalók (English Summaries)
552 The change of the leadership of the stock companies shows the permanent regrouping of the industrial and finance bourgeoisie. Ms. Tóvári searched the social origins of the administrative bureaucracy and its social relations with the gentry, the intelligentsia, and the bourgeoisie. The reconstruction of the family relationships among the ruling classes, of course, is one of the most inportant aspects of this research. The list of the tax-payers, the records of rates and taxes, the land registers, the reports of the stock companies, the directories of the entrepreneurs, and the list of the Members of Parliament in 1848 were used and thoroughly investigated. Her conclusion is that the liberal gentry which was the faithful advocate and the political organizer of the transformation of the feudal to civil society before 1848 lost its economic positions by the end of the nineteenth century. The industrial and financial bourgeoisie took the place of the liberal gentry. The civil character of the Hungarian society was especially evident in the field of commerce and banking. Basically, the new bourgeoisie run the banks, the trade, the industrial enterprises and joint stock companies. This economic process changed the structure of the society of Miskolc, Nyíregyháza and Debrecen; the most innovative entrepreneurs and managers, finance capitalists managed to obtain admission to the highest circle of the industrialists and financiers. They were the main stockholders of the Magyar Altalános Kőszénbánya (The General Coal-Mining Company) and the Kereskedelmi Bank (The Bank of Commerce). In spite of the capitalization of the economic life, the feudal character of the Hungarian society remained quite manifest in the new era as well. The new bourgeoisie which were frequently raised to noble rank tried to follow the manners and custom of the gentry. The new bourgeoisie originated mainly from the local merchants in Miskolc; they also endeavoured to adopt the scale of values of the gentry. The circles of the higher classes in Miskolc were closed in the age of the Dual Monarchy. The leadership of the banks and the industrial enterprises came from the greatest tax-payers; the Members of Parliament were also elected from this stratum. The concentration of capital resulted that the capitalist groups of Budapest began to invest the considerable amounts of their capitals into the local enterprises of Miskolc from the turn of the century. Only the richest stockholders among the local bourgeoisie were able to keep pace with this new competition. These entrepreneurs belonged to the greatest tax-payers of Miskolc and usually had the vesl^d interests in the most significant enterprises of Hungary for four or five decades. JÚZSEF GLÚ5Z : Capitalization and Capital Formation in the Hungarian Agriculture. The Landed Gentry in Tolna County between 1830 and 1867 The division of landed property in the late feudal Tolna County shows the great variations. The large estates of Dzora and Dombóvár extended over the western territories of Tolna County were held by Princes Esterházys. The large estates of Count Apponyi lay between Sió and Kapos. Besides these latifundiums which exceeded a hundred thousand acres respectively, Counts Széchenyi,
