Társadalomtörténeti múdszerek és forrástípusok. Salgótarján, 1986. szeptember 28-30. - Rendi társadalom, polgári társadalom 1. - Adatok, források és tanulmányok a Nógrád Megyei Levéltárból 15. (Salgótarján, 1987)
Angol nyelvi összefoglalók (English Summaries)
548 By the twenties and thirties of the 18th century the population of the city of Esztergom can be subdivided into a number of distinct occupational groups. Among the residents with full civil rights (Burghers) we find a group of one-time military officers and gentry, holding positions in the administration of the city and the county, cultivating at the same time ploughland and meadows that went equally with the ownership of city houses, and growing wine independently from their ownership of city houses. The group of merchants consists of 8-10 persons, Germans, Hungarians, Serbs, Generally they were doing some farming as well, in the same way as a number of artisans did. The majority of the artisans was German, but some of them were Hungarians. The majority of the house-owners was made up by Hungarian farmers. These were the first settlers after the Turkish occupation and their descendants, who — judging from their names and other data — had immigrated from the Párkány district of Esztergom county. They were, however, supplemented by the discharged Hungarian soldiers of the castle of Esztergom. When the royal city of Esztergom was set up, the house-owners received equal amounts of land that they could use around the city. Because of this, the tax records of the city did not return the amount of ploughland and meadow actually used, early in the 18th century all taxes were lumped together and put down as a burden of the city house. Tax assessment was changed in 1774 only, when tax came to be assessed on the basis of the area of the arable and meadow held by each tax-payer. Vineyard plots had been taxed from the start. Beside the house owners one sees a populous group of jorneymen and labourers, etc., who were taxed in their capacity as " inquilini " (having no or just a fraction of a "sessio "; that is, of a peasant holding of manorial land). The Horváth family belonged to the farmers with a city house. The path of the family is characteristic of the social and economic context of Esztergom farmers. Mihály I. Horváth occurs as a house-owner in the register of 1720, his son, Mihály II. Horváth in that of 1741/42, but civic rights were granted to him only in 1765. In 1774/75 he pays tax after 9 " pozsonyi mérő " of ploughland (1 pozsonyi mérő 0,216 ha) and 4 " kaszás " meadow (1 kaszás 0,324 ha) 3 " fertály " 4/8 vineyard. Only the vineyard plot is higher than the average, the other holdings do not exceed that, what usually goes with a house. His son becomes the supervisor of the economic matters of the city, though with a minimal salary. His arable land grows to 18 " pozsonyi mérő " by 1807/8. From 1813/14 onwards his married son, Mihály III. Horváth figures as a separate taxpayer, but draught animals keep being listed at one of the households only. The son increased his arable land already during the life of his father to 34,5 " pozsonyi mérő " arable and 10 " kaszás " meadow. Mihály III. Horváth sends his elder son András and his younger brother Mihály IV. József Horváth to the Benedictine school in Esztergom. András Horváth becomes a priest, first he is a chaplain in Komárom, where his first printed work is published in 1844, later the post of supervisor of studies is given to him at the University of Nagyszombat, after 1849 he is the parson of Izsa. His much younger brother leaves the ' gimnázium ' (high school) and joins the Hungarian national army. After the capitulation of the army at Világos, he returns home with the rank of a lieutenant. Mihály III. Horváth farms in 1842/43 54 " pozsonyi mérő " arable and 12 " kaszás " meadow. The flood of 1838 shakes the material basis of the artisan-merchant groups of the city, they suffered damage to the tune of two-and-a-half million Forints -- our man had last only 3000
