1996. ÉVI MIKROCENZUS A mezőgazdaság jelentősége a foglalkoztatásban (1998)

BEVEZETŐ

unemployed persons, dependants not attending full-time education. Most of the information is presented broken down by type of locality and by regions, too. The volume provides a detailed analysis of the theme. The first part presents the data of the 1996 microcensus, the second part summarises the findings of the 1994 pilot census. A narrowed version of the concepts used is published in the present volume, while the whole rangé of the concepts and explanations can be found in the appropriate chapter of the volume "Population and Housing Characteristics". The most important findings of the survey are as follows: A significant portion of the population aged 14 and over (about 2,8 millión persons, 33 százalék) had done auxiliary agricultural work in the year prior to the 1996 microcensus. Among them, there were more than half millión persons whose agricultural activity was considerable, since they spent 90 or more days with agricultural activities. (It is worth mentioning in this context that the number of those carrying out agricultural work as main occupation didn't reach 300 thousand.) Practically every social strata take part - to a higher or lower extent - in these activities. It is obvious, however, that people living in the country (especially in smaller settlements, villages) have more opportunity for these activities than people living in the capital. Analysing people carrying out auxiliary agricultural work according to the criterion of economic activity, the results are a little surprising. Active earners themselves take part in agricultural activities in a much higher extent than it would be expected with the knowledge of their main occupation only. Quite many of the unemployed, inactive earners and even dependant ones work in agriculture. If we take into account only those unemployed persons who had done auxiliary work for 90 or more days, the originally calculated unemployment rate could be reduced to somé extent. The examination of the state of pensioners is very important from this aspect, since in 1996 a considerable portion of the Hungárián society, a third of the population aged 14 and over belonged to this group. In the previous years - as a consequence of economic transition - a lot of people retired prior to the state pension age (early retirement pension, pre-pension etc ). Agricultural activity can be a mean for these pensioners to ease their difficulties in making ends meet after the shortfall of their incomes, even older pensioners (aged 70 or more) undertake agricultural work readily. The stratum of dependants aged 14 or more is not negligible either, especially the group of housewives. A considerable proportion of them does agricultural work for quite a long time. 15