1996. ÉVI MIKROCENZUS A foglalkoztatottság alakulása, 1980–1996 (1997)

BEVEZETŐ

INTRODUCTION The results of the 1996 microcensus are published in a series of volumes by the Central Statistical Office. The first volume of the series is the publication entitled "Population and Housing Characteristics", which summarizes the most important results of the survey. The volumes focusing on various specific topics, are published subsequently. The present volume provides detailed information on the employment conditions of the population in Hungary with special reference to the period between 1980 and 1996. Further publications related to employment in the series presenting the results of the 1996 microcensus will focus on the condition of the unemployed, data of daily commuters, main characteristics of active earners occupied in the public sector and in the priváté sector. The publication shows changes in the structure of employment principally based on the data of active earners, by the means of important criteria related to the theme (industry: major divisions, divisions; occupation: major groups, sub-major groups). The tables show the most detailed retrospective and régiónál data as far as possible. As to régiónál data, we divided information concerning counties into groups by regions, and information relating to individual regions has been presented broken down by type of locality. We used the statistical division of regions recommended by experts. A narrowed version of the concepts used is published in the present volume, while the whole rangé of the concepts and explanations can be found in the appropriate chapter of the volume "Population and Housing Characteristics". The most important findings of the survey are as follows: — The proportion of active earners within the population declined, from 47 percent to 34 percent between 1980 and 1996. The significant decrease of the number of active earners was principally engendered by the increasing unemployment, the withdrawal of numerous strata from the labour markét and the increasing number of young people (aged 15—19) in tertiary education, besides disadvantageous changes in the age composition of the population. — The moderate decrease of economic activity characterising the eighties, concerned more or less all of the regions. Nevertheless, the strong decline leading to increasing régiónál differences, has taken place at the period after 1990. The highest proportion of active earners occurred in the Western Transdanubius region (40%), while the lowest in the Northern Great Plain and the Northern Hungary region respectively (29%). 13