1990 POPULATION CENSUS Detailed data based on a 2 per cent representative sample (1992)

I. REVIEW OF THE DATA - A/ Main characteristics of the population

5. The population by sex Year Male Female Females per 1000 males Year 1000 persons Females per 1000 males 1930 4248 4437 1044 1941 4561 4755 1043 1949 4423 4781 1081 1960 4804 5157 1073 1970 5004 5318 1063 1980 5189 5521 1064 1990 4987 5388 1080 The changes in "the composition of the population by sex and by areas, have practically the same characteristics as in 1980. In Budapest and in the urban areas the proportion of females continued to grow. In the rural areas the female surplus declined in the 1970s, but in the past decade an increase was characteristic again. 6. The population by sex, by type of locality Area Male Female 1000 persons Females per 1000 males 1980 Budapest 967 1093 1131 Urban areas 2126 2249 1058 Rural areas 2096 2179 1040 Total 5189 5521 1064 1990 Budapest 941 1076 1144 Urban areas 2110 2290 1085 Rural areas 1937 2022 1044 Total 4987 5388 1080 It is worth to mention that, since 1980, the female surplus has grown in Budapest and in all the counties, except the county of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg. The age-structure of the population is still characterized by an increase in the process of ageing. The number of persons under 60 years fell by 467 000, while that of older persons grew by 142 000. Since 1980 among the major age-groups, the greatest change has occurred among the children and the elderly (the number of children fell by 6 per cent, the number of the elderly grew by 8 per cent.) Within the group of young adults, the greatest decrease occurred among those aged 25-29 years (to this age-group belong those who were born at the time of the demographic wave-trough in the first half of the 1960s) whose number is by one third lower at present than in 1980, but also the number of 20-24 year old persons fell by 20 per cent. Since, due to the decline in the live birth rate, also the number of the youngest (0-4 year old) declined by 27 per cent, it can be stated that the age-structure became very unfavourable. The number of young adults — the resources of the labour force — and, within them, mainly the number of females entering childbearing age fell, while the number of the elderly grew significantly. At present there are 67 children and elderly per 100 adults. 8