1990 POPULATION CENSUS Detailed data based on a 2 per cent representative sample (1992)

I. REVIEW OF THE DATA - A/ Main characteristics of the population

3. Changes in the population size by types of locality Year Population Budapest Úrban areas Rural areas 1000 persons 1970 10322 2001 3810 4511 1980 10709 2059 4375 4275 1990 10375 2016 4400 3959 Percentage 1970 100.0 19.4 36.9 43.7 1980 100.0 19.2 40.9 39.9 1990 100.0 19.4 42.4 38.2 Leaving out of consideration the city-states, it's only in Denmark and Greece that the proportion of the population of the capital within the population of the country is higher than in Hungary. Since the last population census the number of persons living in Budapest has fallen moderately (by 2 per cent), while it had increased in the 1970s. The reason is that during the last decade, the migration surplus could no more compensate for the natural decrease in the population of the capital. The population growth of other úrban areas derives mainly from natural increase. The causes of the decrease in the rural population were a natural decrease by 2.3 per cent and a 5.1 per cent migration loss. The size of the population in Budapest and in all the counties, decreased but to various extent by counties. The decline in the population size was the greatest in the county of Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén. It can be attributed to the impact of the transformation of the industrial structure that among the counties it is here that migration loss is the highest (6.9 per cent). The population decreased slightly in the counties Fejér and Hajdú-Bihar (by 0.3 and 0.5 per cent, respectively). In the 1980s the natural increase in these two counties was slightly lower than out-migration, as against other counties where a natural growth could be observed. 4. Population size, increase in the population by types of locality Actual Natural Migratory difference Type of locality Population (1000 persons) increase or decrease(-) Migratory difference 1980-1989, percentage Budapest Úrban areas Rural areas Totál 2016 4400 3959 10375 2.1 0.6 7.4 3.1 - 4.7 1.2 - 2.3 - 1.3 2.6 0.7 - 5.1 - 1.8 Ouring the last decade, the composition of the population by sex changed to the benefit of females: the number of males feli by 201 000 (by 3.9 per cent), while that of females only by 133 000 (by 2.4 per cent). The high female surplus observed after World War II (in 1949 there were 1081 females per 1000 males) decreased rapidly during the subsequent two decades. In the 1970s this process stopped, then in the 1980s — due to the increase in the mortality of males — it turnéd to the opposite direction. On top of this, during recent years the loss from the growing extent of going abroad to work affected primarily the males.