1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

IV. THE CHANGE IN THE POPULATION'S DEMOGRAPHIC AND EDUCATIONAL CHARAC-TERISTICS

Now only slightly more than two thirds of the higher educated work in such jobs that correspond to their qualification. 9 percent have jobs that partly correspond, and one fifth have jobs that do not correspond. 73 percent of the university higher educated and 75 percent of the other higher educated pursue occupations that correspond to their qualifications. The congruence level of the third group of higher educated is 65 percent, one fourth of them pursue occupations that do not correspond. The occupational composition is most homogeneous in the higher educated in health group, the congruence level is also the highest in this group. The 94 percent proportion in both sexes well exceeds the average of the higher educated. The congruence level is 7 0 percent The congruence level is also over the average in the case of lawmen and in the case of technical higher educated. Three fourths of the former and 72 percent of the later work in jobs that correspond to the nature of qualification. The relatively high value of the congruence level among the lawmen is caused by their young age on the one hand, and by the 86 percent congruence level of women higher educated in law on the other hand. Among the technical higher educated the congruence level of men is higher than of the women. In the pedagogy, science and general education field the relationship between training and occupation shows different face by sex. Three fourth of the women and only 54 percent of the men pursue occupations corresponding to qualification. The congruence level of the higher educated in leading positions is 62 percent which is lower than the 73 percent for the rest of the active earners. On the basis of the analysis of congruence one may draw the conclusion that in the seventies the training and the employment possibilities were better harmonized than in earlier periods. Since the 75 percent congruence level for the young is considerably higher than the 68 percent for the old. 98 percent of the higher educated live in households. The great majority of the households (87 percent) are family households. Almost one tenth of the higher educated live alone, which is relatively high if we take the 7 percent which characterizes the whole population. The over the average proportion of those living alone is characteristic for every higher educational group. This proportion is highest among the artists, more than one fifth of the women with such qualification live alone, but the 14 percent rate for the men is only slightly less than this. The "singleness" of the higher educated in law and health is also over the average, (10 percent in the case of men and 14-51 percent in the case of women). 90 percent of the higher educated men who live in families are husbands, but only 79 percent of the women are wives. The proportion of higher educated fathers who rear their child alone is 3 percent, the proportion of such mothers is 9 percent, which are considerably higher than the national average (1 percent for the men and 5 percent for the women). The greater proportion of the single-parent-child higher educated family type is caused by the high proportion of divorced. The distribution of the higher educated by their partner's highest education shows different face by sex and the nature and level of qualification. More than one third of the higher educated men have higher educated wife, at the same time 62 percent of the higher educated women have higher educated husband. One of the reasons for this, is that the women do not like to have a partner whose educational level is lower than theirs. The other reason is that the higher educated men are older than the women and when they got married their partners were in the secondary educational level age. 81 percent of the higher educated women in health have higher educated husband. This group insists most to marry higher educated. 95 percent of the higher educated live in flats which are in their or their family's own use. About two percent of them live in institutions, and 3 percent are subtenant. The housing situation of higher educated men is better than of the women. 44 percent of the higher educated who live in flats which are in their own use have 2 rooms, almost half of them have three or more rooms. The higher educated women have less rooms. The higher educated men in health have most rooms. Almost two thirds of them live in flats with more than two rooms. The rest of the higher educated have two rooms in most cases. 53 percent of the higher educated who live in flats in their own use own the flat or the owner is their relative. 46 percent live in tenancy. The proportion of higher educated who live in tenancy is high. The reason for this, is that some professional groups have priority - mainly in the country - in the provision of tenancy flats. The ground space of the flats of the higher educated is greater than the average. 7 percent of all the flats are under 30 square meters, this proportion is only 2 percent for the higher educated. The 89