1980 HUNGARIAN CENSUS OF POPULATION Summary data (1984)

XI. THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POPULATION/ THE FLATS", AND THE BUILDINGS OF HOUSING ESTATES

There are more children per 100 married women of reproductive age at the housing estates than other places. This holds first of all for Budapest. In rural towns there is no considerable difference. At Budapest the highest education of the 7 and older housing estate population is not much different from that of the non housing estate population. Due to the higher proportion of the young at the housing estates the proportion of those having less than the 8 grades of primary education is lower than other places. At some housing estates the proportion of the higher educated is well over the nonhousing estate average and also the Budapest average. Inspite of this the general housing estate proportion of higher educated is lower than the general average for other places. In country towns the differences are greater between the educational level of the housing estate and the not housing estate population than at Budapest, the differences are in favour of the housing estate population. This can be explained by the younger age and so higher educational level of the housing estate population. It is likely that in country towns there is a preference for young professionals when allocating housing estate flats. THE EMPLOYMENT OF THE HOUSING ESTATE POPULATION The proportion of the working age population is higher at housing estates (61. 6 percent) than other places (57.7 percent). The proportion of the active earners is also higher, and the proportion of inactive earners - because of the lower proportion of old people - is lower than other places. Those on child-care-allowance do not affect these figures, because their proportion is the same at housing estates and other places. The great number of children means high dependancy ratio which is partly compensated by the lower proportion of women who are not employed and work only in the household. The distribution of urban population by earners and dependants (percenta ge) Economic activity Housing estates Other Active earner Inactive earner Dependant within this: children 52. 2 13.4 34. 4 32. 2 47. 3 23.4 29. 3 23.7 Total 100. 0 100. 0 The active earner surplus at the housing estates is almost the same in Budapest and in other towns. The proportion of male active earners is similar at housing estates and other places. The proportion of female active earners is considerably higher at housing estates. The higher rate of female activity is caused by two factors: - there are less old women at housing estates, and so the proportion of working age women is higher at the housing estates (59. 9 percent) than other places (52. 9 percent); - among working age women there are more active earners at the housing estates (78.7 percent) than other places of residence (72. 6 percent). Part of the inactive earner working age women belongs only temporarily - because of child-careallowance - to the inactive earner category. They will be active earners later on. The active earner women and those on child-care-allowance together constitute 87. 6 percent of all working aged women, which is almost the same as the 88. 6 percent proportion for men. There are 16 thousand working age women at the housing estates who are neither earners nor students, but do not shoulder job because of family or health reasons. Due to their family conditions and educational level we can not count them to the labour reserve. The age distribution of urban manuals and nonmanuals living at housing estates (percentage) Active earners by age groups Budapest Other towns Active earners by age groups manuals nonmanuals manuals nonmanuals 14-29 year 30. 7 23. 6 38. 0 28. 3 30-39 " 30. 3 35. 9 31.5 39. 8 40-59 year men, 40-54 year women 37. 2 38.8 29. 5 30. 9 Over retirement age 1.8 1.7 1.0 1.0 Total 100. 0 150 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0