Szőcs Tibor: A nádori intézmény korai története 1000-1342 - Subsidia ad historiam medii aevi Hungariae inquirendam 5. (Budapest, 2014)
Rövidítések és bibliográfia
An Early History of the Palatinal Institution: 1000-1342 301 official activity on his family-estates, a fact that characterized almost all the palatines from the end of the 1270s. Óbuda became the seat of John, who visited the various regions of the realm in person via the so-called 'general assemblies' (Latin: generalis congregatio). Since the emergence of the institution of the generalis congregatio (1273), he was the first palatine, who convoked such an assembly both for the eastern and the western part of the realm. The 'radius of action' of the palatine had extended even further during the office of William Druget. Although William still had his seat in the 'Druget-province' in Northeast-Hun- gary, as a palatine he followed the practice of his father. The palatinal 'radius of action' had extended even further, and covered almost the whole of western Hungary, and a great part of eastern Hungary. At first, William had his seat in Vizsoly, which, between 1338 and 1340, was transferred to Visegmd, where the king resided.. Nevertheless, he, simultaneously, maintained, with the official staff, his father's seat in Óbuda, but this seat worked mostly in the absence of the palatine. William abandoned the seat in Óbuda in 1340, and transferred his other seat to Nagymaros. Thus, the official model which was to typify the palatinal institute in the age of Louis I was essentially ready in 1342: the palatine had his seat in Visegmd, which he left usually only for the time of a generalis congregatio. In such cases, i.e when the palatine was away, the staff of his office continued to issue the charters in the name of the palatine. The chapters 5-10th focus on some subfields of the institution of the palatine. In the 5th chapter I discuss the territorial and legal limits of the palatinal jurisdiction. The palatinal jurisdiction did not cover the area of the 'ban of Slavonia', the 'voivode of Transylvania' and the 'ban of Macsó' (today: Macva, Serbia). Nevertheless, in the peripheries there were certain areas, where jurisdiction had changed through the times. The county of Szolnok got under the jurisdiction of the voivode, in fact, only in the 1320. The history of the county of Kraszna showed a similar development, with the exception that it got under the jurisdiction of the voivode much later. In the first half of the 13th century in the southern territories of the realm the jurisdiction of the ban of Slavonia extended as far as the river Drava. At the beginning of the 14th century significant changes occurred in this area: certain counties lying north of the river Drava were assigned under the jurisdiction of the ban of Macsó, but, parallel with it, the palatine also had jurisdiction over the counties of the ban (e.g. over the county of Valkó and Pozsega). The palatinal jurisdiction had not only territorial, but also judicial limits. By default, no secular judges were allowed to administer justice to ecclesiastical persons, but, in the course of time, more and more non-ecclesiastical privileged 'elements' had been exempted from the palatinal bench (e.g. the royal free cities). The 6th chapter discusses the origins and characteristics of the 'general assembly' (generalis congregatio), which can be regarded as the classical palatinal judicial forum outside the seat of the palatine from the 14th century on. The antitype of the palatinal assemblies and the ones convoked by the bans, is to be found in the royal assemblies which had the same name. In the early 1270s the palatine, the ban (and later the
