Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 36/2. (2016)

Gherghina Boda: Convenţia de la Geneva şi tratatele referitoare la dreptul umanitar (1863, 1864, 1906, 1929 şi 1949)

Marisia XXXVI

Conventia de la Geneva si tratatele referitoare la dreptul umanitar (1863, 1864, 1906, 1929 §i 1949)

Gherghina BODA

The Geneva Convention and treaties on international humanitarian law (1863, 1864, 1906, 1929 and 1949))

Abstract

The birth of the international humanitarian movement and international humanitarian law (IHL) represents the efforts made by Geneva, who for several years organized international conferences during which conventions were adopted, joined by more and more states. These legislative acts adopted common procedures to be applied and respected by all signatory states, especially during wartime. Through them the neutrality of aid companies and their staff, the wounded and sick was declared, as well as their protection. The first International Conference in Geneva (1863) is particularly important because the legislative provisions adopted were the starting point for the development of international humanitarian law and form the basis of legislation of the other conferences, and also because during it the Red Cross humanitarian movement was created.

Cuvinte cheie: conferintä, drept umanitar international,Crucea Rosie, protectie, rezolutie Key-words: conferences,international humanitarian law, Red Cross, protection, resolutions.

Dacä dreptul international public reprezintä „ansamblul de norme juridice care reglementeazä raporturile ce se stabilesc Tn cadrul societätii internationale”,1 dreptul umanitar international reprezintä „ansamblul de reguli de drept conventionale §i cutumiareaplicabil relapor Tntre state, precum §i relapor dintre state §i alte subiecte de drept international §i intern, aplicabil conflictelor armate interne §i internationale §i care tinde, din motive umanitare.spre limitarea efectelor acestor conflicte.”2Dreptul international umanitar mai este cunoscut §i sub denumirea de legile räzboiului, legile §i deprinderile räzboiului sau legile conflictului armat3.

Sub denumirea de Conventia de la Geneva se Tntelege un ansamblu de patru tratate care stabilesc standardele dreptului international referitoare la problemele umanitare, actuala Convente de la Geneva fiind rezultatul procesului derulat intre anii 1864-19494.

Prima Conferintä international de la Geneva a avut loc Tn anul 1863 §i prezintä о importantä deosebitä din cel putin douä puncte de vedere: Tn primul ränd

1Raluca Miga-Be§teliu,Drept international. Introducere ín dreptul international public, Ed. ALL-B, Timisoara, 1998, p. 1.

2Beatrice Onica-Jarka,Drept international umanitar. Note de curs, Ed. Universul Juridic, Bucure§ti,

2010, p. 11.

3Remus Dogaru, Dreptul umanitar international §i conflictele secolului XXI, disponibil la

http://www.arduph.ro/domenii/diu-doctrina/dreptul-umanitar-international-si-conflictele-secolului-xxi/, accesat: 15.08.2015.

4Remus Dogaru,Dreptul umanitar international §i conflictele secolului XXI, disponibil la

http://www.arduph.ro/domenii/diu-doctrina/dreptul-umanitar-international-si-conflictele-secolului-xxi/. accesat: 15.08.2015.

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