Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 36/1. (2016)
Zoology
Perm Vasile 1STRATE beetles in different life stages. Usually, debilitated, old trees are victims of the first attack, realized by the cerambycidae, so later on, other groups of beetles (buprestidae, scarabaeidae, etc.) to develop in the rotten wood. So every trees stage of life has its own beetle fauna. The increasing number of beetles depends of the amount and the quality of the available dead wood found in the forest, the size of the wood, the management and fragmentation of it [8]. The beetles from de study area are often related to the surface with rare, old trees, and less to old forests that can be found in a few places due of the forest management. The Saxon’s grasslands that shelter a special type of oak, are wealthy in this type of fauna, ffowever, in the higher areas, in the forests of the Natura 2000 Site “Sighisoara-Tarnava Mare”, can be found a lot of old trees. They are difficult to clean up because of limited access. Saproxylic Beetles interact with a lot of organisms, like different fungus that produce rot and red timber (Fig 2), but a group of bacteria fungus, nematodes and arachnids are transported from tree to tree by the Saproxylic Beetles, thus favorize their spread in the habitat. The ones that feed with pollen have a role in pollination. Saproxylic Beetles represent an ecological group and not a taxonomic one. Generally, we found more indicator species of coleopterans in wet areas and in the areas with a big amount of dead wood. It’s considered that forest’s anthropogenic disturbance produced by the man results in an artificial structure, such as even-aged forests and a big fragmentation of the beech forests. [9]. Fagus silvatica is a dominant tree in the temperate forests of the Central Europe, but today it only occupies a small area of its original area. Generally, it is considered that the Saproxylic Beetles species can be found in warmer areas, and in the cold ones they only can be found combined with a big amount of dead wood. The importance of maintaining continuity of dead wood and old trees for the conservation of species listed on the red list is recognized for a long time, and Buse, J. [3] showed that saproxylic relict species are correlated with the continuity of forest cover. To preserve the habitat should therefore also be considered when evaluating forest reserves. The decline of these species exists, in spite of the increase of the area covered with forest in Europe, the increasing of the average age of trees and the foresters effort to grow forests with species of natural composition, namely species that are native to the area, Zanchi, G. et al. [12]. The decline is usually attributed to the low level of dead wood in forests. From this reason it’s helpful to increase the amount of dead wood. European forests located in the plains become more dense during the last 130 years, thanks to the growing politics of the wood, competing with the traditional management techniques such as coppicing and wooded pastures [13] Previous studies on saproxylic beetle fauna in the investigated area were made by Petri, K. [10] who identifies about 60 species of beetles around Sighi^oara. More recently, Buc§a, C. and Täujan, I. [2] published a study on the role of the old oaks of Breite Plateau in maintaining the biodiversity of xylophagous beetles. Materials and methods (objectives and methods) The inventory of the fauna of insects beetles was conducted during the years 2011—2013 within the POS project: “For nature and local communities — the bases for a Natura 2000 integrated management in ffártibaciu-Tárnává Mare area” (Fig. 3).The studied area of the beetles includes a hilly area belonging to the Tárnavelor plateau and Transylvanian Subcarpathians. ffere hills reaching up to 800 m in the east, the highest point of beetles collection is 820 m, Pietri§ului hill, in the east of Mureni village. Forests here occupy a large part of the area and are represented mostly by beech-oak forests and in the rivers valley, floodplain forests occur. Because of the high relief and the depression landform climate, there are few crops and most people grow animals. 118
