Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 32-33/2. (2013)

Nicolae Victor Fola: Consideraţii privind situaţia elitelor româneşti din Transilvania în perioada modernizării (1850-1918)

Marisia XXXII-XXXIII

Consideratii privind situatia elitelor romane§ti din Transilvania ín perioada modernizärii (1850-1918)

Nicolae Victor FOLA

Considerations on the situation in Transylvania Romanian elites during modernization (1850-1918)

Abstract

The developement of the Romanian elites in term of modernity was a complex process influenced by a lot of factors, by the economic investments, the political structures, the internal relations and the last, but not least, by the schooling strategies. In this respect, a link was created between the intellectuals activity and the involvent of cultural, religious and scholar centres into the Transylvanian Romanian’s lives. The Romanians concerned the training improvement of the intermediate hight-school graders and the confessional school teachers. The best of students are studying abroad and they going to attend different faculties in Hungary, Austria and Germany were recruited in different domains and specialities.In spite of their modest financial possibilities, the Romanians invested a lot in the educational tréning (and the cultural effort), electing the Jewish model, the competitional one, staking mostly one the development of the scholar capital. The main cause was the discrimination due to the dual regime, the edging in administration and, in general, in public life by the Hungarian authorities. Therefore, they headed towards long and multiple studies (including the difficult ones-medical and polytechnic) and the also attended both confessional and public hight-schools, non religious school depending on their possibilities.

Keywords: schooling strategies, hight-school graders, Jewish model, scholar capital.

Cuvinte cheie: strategii de §colarizare, §coli superioare, módéiul evreiesc, capital §colar

Dupä revolutia din anii 1848-1849, patentele imperiale austriece au marcat Tnceputul schimbärilor economico-sociale Tn stringenta problemä a täränimii. Insä despägubirile masive acordate marilor proprietari s-au resimtit pozitiv in Imperiul Habsburgilor in unele párti, cazul Boemiei industrializate §i al provinciilor montane austriece, nu §i in Galitia, Ungaria §i Transilvania. Se apreciazä cä este dificil de apreciat modul in care statul servea interesele clasei mijlocii, astfei cä in Transilvania statul a creat doar cadrul legislativ §i liniile directoare, in rest s-au inregistrat mäsuri ad-hoc §i nesistematice. Capitalul se acumuleazä abia dupä 1880 §i este insuficient. Lipsea spiritui antreprenorial, respins de micii me§te§ugari. Capitalurile sträine investite se orientau spre domeniile unde amortizarea se fäcea rapid, astfei cä pe ansamblu dezvoltarea economicä rämänea nesistematicä, iar consecintele acestei stäri de lucru erau profund negative.1

In deceniul neoabsolutismului, intre mäsurile reformiste se inscriu instituirea unei administratii ordonate, prompte §i impartiale, ca §i introducerea Codului civil §i a celui de procedurä civilä austriacä, a Cadastrului §i a Cärtii Funciare, dar §i a Camerelor de Industrie §i Comert. Se impulsioneazä invätämäntul, se

reorganizeazä serviciile de po§tä §i telegraf, se modernizeazä reteaua de

1 losif Marin Balogh, Dilemele modernizärii. Economie §i societate ín Transilvania 1850-1870), International Book Acces, 2005, pp. 68-71 §i 211.

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