Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 30/1. (2010)
Articles
The Bronze Hoard from Sämbria$ (Mure$ County) 51 evolution throughout the whole HaB period, when they gradually will reduce their proportions.20 T. Bader also believes that this type of socketed axe was used during many centuries, beginning with HaAl and finishing with HaB, when they become generalized.21 The socketed axe with concave rim is considered the leading type of the HaBl period, beside which the socketed axes with straight rim and rib ornamentation in T, V, Y shape and semicircles on the two sides are frequent appearances.22 The decoration with vertical and curved ribs, in the majority of the cases with parallel ribs, is typical for the middle phases of the Urnfield period, and is most frequent on the sides of the socketed axes, beside the three horizontal ribs. In the typology of B. Wanzek this kind of ornamentation is placed in the 2.b.6.d. type of the socketed axes with angel and curved ribbing.23 V. Dergacev also proposed that the classic forms of this type should be dated to HaA2-HaBl, whereas the imitations and later versions appear later on, in HaB2-HaB3.24 The same idea is sustained by the moulds from Plenita, which are dated to HaA2-HaBl.25 Similar artefacts, with Y shaped ribs, are dated to the end of the 9th century in the area of Croatia, being placed in the 4th type, in the typology of Z. Zeravica, characterizing the whole HaB period.26 The thickening of the rim of the socket and the presence of more than two horizontal ribs, which are separated from each other, are considered basic properties for the HaB period.27 Ch. Pare claimed that his DFS V period (HaB2) is characterized by the ornamentation with vertical ribs, curved outwards in the upper parts. He also believes that the socketed axes with slightly asymmetric blades compared to the rest of the body, like in the case of the axe nr. 1, are a natural presence in this period, and some artefacts, like the axe nr. 2 can lack the horizontal ribbing decoration.28 The same idea is sustained by T. Kemenczei, who describes that these socketed axes with asymmetric blades represent a typological continuation of the earlier forms from the Hajdúböszörmény (Moigrad-Täuteu) period.29 Similar socketed axes, with rib decoration and with the corner of the cutting edge pulled inwards are typical also for the HaB 1 and HaB2 periods in the South-Western Ukraine.30 In the new chronological and typological system proposed by C. Metzner-Nebelsick - many of the so called leading types named by M. Rusu and M. Petrescu-Dimbovita - are synchronized with HaBl articles. Among these we can list the ornamentations with angle ribbing pointed downwards, vertical curved ribs, but also the Transylvanian type socketed axes and the axes with flattened tanged or trapezoid formed blade, those with vertical ribbings and the winged ones. At the same time the ornamentation is made up by softer curves. The parallel curved ribs and the horizontal ribs under the rim, and also the embossing of the cutting edge area in the form of an arch are typical for the period V of 20 Rusu 1972, 126. 21 Bader 1978, 86. 22 Mozsolics 1985, 36-37; Mozsolics 2000, 24. The angle ribbing appears already in the HaA period, being highly present also in HaB (see Ciugudean 1999, 97-98; Ciugudean 2008, 345-349). 23 Wanzek 1989, 112. 24 Dergacev 1997, 151-152. The classic types appear in a large number in North-Western Hungary, in the Danube region of Slovakia, in the Upper Tisza region, and in the lower course of the Siret and Nistru Rivers. The last two regions and the more evolved types strictly coincide with the area of the Gáva-Holihrady Culture (see also map 22, 1-2; Dergacev 2002, 174-175; Dergacev 2010, 92-98). 25 Boroffka-Ridiche 2005, 154-155, Abb. 3-4. 26 Zeravica 1993, 98-99. 27 Soroceanu-Lakó 1995,188, n. 6. 28 Pare 1999, 366. 29 Kemenczei 1996b, 255. 30 Kobal 2000, 42.
