Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 28. (2006)
Arheologie
О MONEDÄ DIN AUR DIN MONETÄRIA DE LA BAIA MARE DESCOPERITÄ LA NEAUA (JUD. MURE§) LÁSZLÓ KEVE A gold Coin from the Mint of Baia Mare discovered at Neaua(Mure§ District) (Abstract) The article discusses the information brought by the discovery of a golden coin, in an area in which contemporary pottery fragments bring further evidence of an earlier existence of the Neaua village. The coin was found at the beginning of the 1990s. It was struck at the mint of Baia Mare and it is considered a rare find, since it dates during the time of Albert of Habsburg (1437-1439), who struck only two types of golden florins. The coin from Neaua belongs to the second type, issued in 1439 (see the 3rd image). There is no coin or other type of medieval archaeological discovery mentioned so far in the area of the village. The field research from 2003 and respectively 2005, in the same garden in which the coin was found, led to the discovery of pottery fragments that can be dated in the same period. The relatively late appearance of the village in the written sources (1567) is also due to the fact that the only Catholic Church from the area was in the nearby village, Sinsimion, which was, thus, the only one mentioned in 1332. The other villages might have existed at an earlier date, but only the most important one was named in the sources. Conclusively, the coin and the ceramic fragments described in the article point to the existence of a rural settlement before the year 1567, when it appeared in the documents under the name of hawad. Translated by Coralia Cri§an Comuna Neaua este situatä Tn partea esticä a judetului Mure§, Tntr-o vale strämtä, in apropierea cursului superior a Tárnavei Mid §i se aflä pe drumul judetean 135A care leagä Viforoasa de Miercurea Nirajului, fiind la 8 km distantä de Sängeorgiu de Pädure §i la 12 km distantä de Miercurea Nirajului (Fig.1). Prima atestare documentarä dateazä din 15671, cänd localitatea apare sub denumirea de hawad, iar dói ani mai tärziu, satui, prin scrisoarea de donatie a regelui loan Sigismund1 2 ajunge Tn mäinile lui Móré László3. Mentionarea relativ tärzie Tn izvoarele scrise se datoreazä §i faptului cä singura bisericä din zonä era Tn satui vecin, STnsimion §i prin urmare, acest sat este singurul mentionat la 1332. Din acest motiv Neaua figureazä ca filiala satului 1 SzOkl. II. p. 217. 2 SzOkl. II. p. 263. 3 A doua jumatate a sec. al XVI-lea este perioada luptei dintre secuii liberi fi puterea principialä. Miza este apärarea drepturilor la libertate, loan Sigismund vrea sä Tnfiinteze о armatä puternicä, competitivä, formatä din secui liberi, a§a numita oaste a pixidarilor ro§ii, (u. veres darabontok), in scrisoarea de donatie este vorba despre acefti veres darabontok, care rámán ín continuare liberi fi sunt ín serviciul principelui fi restül satului, care sunt privati de libertate fi devin iobagii lui Móré László prin donatie. Pentru detalii vezi: Bartos 2000, p. 20. Descrierea sistemului militar fi organizarea armatei Tn secolul XVI ín secuime vezi la: Egyed 1979, p.47-58. 141
