Marisia - Maros Megyei Múzeum Évkönyve 15-22. (1985-1992)
I. Arheologie
THE CORRIDOR-TYPE VILLA RUSTICA ROMANA, A COMMON CELTIC STRUCTURE FROM BRITANNIA TO DACIA (Summary) The Villa Rustica Romana was the type of structure largely spread in a vast sweep of Europe under Roman rule for several centuries. It was at the same time the nucleus of the productive activity, mainly agricultural. a farm „integrated into the social and economic organization of the Roman world“. The discovery of villae rusticae romanae has become more intense since archaelogical exploration has been using air photography correlated with ground surveys-F. Haverfield, R. G. Collingwood and Ian Richmond, who have made a thorough study of Roman-Britain, have reached the conclusion that such structures with the above-mentioned attributions, existed even before the Roman conquest in all the countries which had been once occupied bf the Celtic peoples. It is this point of wiew which has induced the author of this paper to study the historical and archaelogical literature on the villa rustica romana on the teritory of Europe from Britannia to Dacia Romana and the results have been set forth in this article. Britannia. Some 500 Villae rusticae romanae have been identified and about a score have been examined with scientific minutia in Britain (once a Roman province between 44-410). From the four different types of villa rustica romana the corridor-type house was the most common- Even the smallest had a hypocaust, a praefurnium and a waiter supply- Numerous tesselated and mosaic floors have been uncovered and restored in certain villas, some with geometric motifs, flowers and hunting scenes. The walls of the villas were decorated with frescoes. The villa rustica romana in Britain might be considered to be a roman version of a villa already in existence among the Britons before the Roman conquest. F. Haverfield supports the point of, view that the „corridor-shaped house“ was the type of Celtic house, which opened towards the exterior. Its „open corridor was functional, since it was thus possible to keep an eye on the yard. The villa of country house was, more then anything else, the characteristic feature of Romano-British civilization. The author studies the villa rusUca romana in Gallia Lugdunensis, Gallia Belgica and the lands of present-day Germany along both banks of the Rine. In the Somme departments over 700 villas have been uncovered, as well as several oppida■ In spite of the many types of villas, there is a recognizable identical plan in all of them. Raetia (present-day Switzerland) has also revealed a number of Celtic villas. ;,x :r, Ö4 VIRGINIA CARTIANU Ю
