Tudományszervezési Tájékoztató, 1968

2. szám - Bibliográfia

NUMERICAL DATA OF RESEARCH IN THE USA This article deals with the financing of research activity in the USA. Based on tables and statistical data it characterizes the breakdown of the increasing expenditure, more than 60 % of which is granted by the Federal Government. The data details the division of the expenditures between various fields of research, offices, direction of research and enterprises, and then it refers to the expenses of research conducted on private resources. PROBLEM-DIRECTED RESEARCH IN THE STANFORD RESEARCH INSTITUTE The Stanford Research Institute was formed on the initiative of business interests based on the Pacific Coast of the USA. The specific feature of its research strategy is the so-called mosaic method. Its essence is the following: significant, new research territory can be thoroughly, widely and at the same time with acceptable expense for the customer worked out only in such a manner if part commissions fit into each other mosaiclike, complement each other. Thus each customer has only to cover part of the whole expense, however, profits from the whole complex of newly acquired knowledge. The administration of the institute deliberately searches for such complementary orders, that is, for firms and institutes which might be interested in certain part results of a given research field. In the interest of the effectiveness of such "multiple assignment" complex research, the Institute conducts research alongside natural sciences also in technology, economics and in some of the branches of the liberal arts. The Institute as to its structure and work methods holds an intermediary position between university or academic-type institutes and applied research institutes established specially to achieve certain targets. From among the complex themes to be worked upon by the SRI we briefly call attention to research aiming at the reduction of pollution in the air, the computerized data system to satisfy the demands of perspective planning and finally, research connected with the planning of humanmachine complex systems. Work on most of the themes are undertaken by interdisciplinary "teams". PROBLEMS OF INTERNATIONAL SCIENCE POLICY The assassinated president of the USA J.F.Kennedy said: "Every time you scientists make a major invention, we politicians have to invent a new institution to cope with it and almost invariably, these days, it must be an international insti397